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Geographical position of the taiga. Features of the geographic location of the taiga

Taiga are significant forest areas. The geographic position of the taiga is quite extensive - it occupies the northern part of Asia, Canada, the Far East and Europe. The climate, flora and fauna in this natural area are quite diverse. The extreme southern border of the taiga is in the northern part of the island of Hokkaido (Japan), and the northern one on the Taimyr Peninsula.

Temperature conditions

The region is characterized by a severe long winter and a warm, but short summer. In winter, the temperature can drop to -50 ° C in Yakutia and Canada and to -25 ° C in the Ussuri taiga. Winter here is cold with loose deep snow, and the summer is quite hot with lots of mosquitoes and midges. During the summer, 27-30 ° C of heat is observed in Canada and the Far East. In the Far East, the summer is quite stuffy and rainy, and the winter is windy. In Western Siberia, the winter is snowy, and the summer is mostly dry.

Spring in such regions comes late. Only at the beginning of April the snow begins to melt. When it seems that the heat comes, the next day the weather can suddenly deteriorate and the colds come again and snow falls. Leaves on trees usually appear only in late May or early June.

The geographic position of the taiga contributes to the fact that summer starts here only in June and ends in August. But at the same time it can be quite hot. In this connection, forest fires often occur. Less often the summer can be rainy and cold. In early June, snow sometimes falls.

Types and features of the taiga

There are 2 types of taiga:

- light coniferous;

- dark coniferous (the most common).

The peculiarities of the geographic location of the taiga are that it is located in a humid temperate zone. The basis of its vegetation is coniferous. The taiga zone was formed before the onset of the glacial period. Taiga is also divided into subzones: northern, middle and southern. In latitude, this region is considered one of the largest climatic zones on the planet.

Geographic position of the taiga in Russia

The largest natural zone of the Russian Federation is the taiga. It stretched a broad and continuous band across the entire state right up to the Pacific Ocean. Its greatest width is in Western Siberia (about 2000 km). In this place, the flat taiga will connect with the mountain taiga of the Baikal region and Sayan. If you pay attention to the geographical position of the natural zone of the taiga on the territory of Russia, it becomes clear why it is so beautiful.

For the Russian taiga is characterized by sufficient, as well as excessive humidity. There are many lakes and marshes here. Surface runoff in this zone is higher than in other natural zones. The density of the river network is quite significant. The rivers feed mainly with thawed snow waters. In connection with this fact, almost every spring there is a flood.

Taiga is a huge space where coniferous forests are located. To the west of the Yenisei River, sod-podzolic and podzolic soils were formed, and to the east - permafrost-taiga soils.

Vegetation

The geographic location of the taiga affects the diversity of the animal and plant world. For temperate and subpolar climatic zones, boreal coniferous forests are characteristic. In general, there are about 30 endemic families of vascular plants, which, as a rule, consist of one species and most often monotypic.

In the region there are forests from larch, spruce, fir, pine and Siberian cedar. Hardwood species such as birch, alder and aspen are also found in the taiga.

Animal world

In general, the fauna of the taiga is much richer than in the tundra zone. In northern America, a family of sturgeon and rodent families is widespread. In Central Asia there are sevovinous. In the subarctic belt, families of mole, hare, mouse, squirrel, leather, hamsters, voles and cunts are widespread. Ground squirrels, gray voles, shrews, hares, beavers, snow sheep, ermine, white and brown bears, red deer, elk, snow sheep and others live in the northern part of Eurasia and in North America.

The geographic position of the taiga zone, encompassing the shores of the Arctic Ocean, has a beneficial effect on the life of the following animals and birds in this region: walrus, diver, seal, polar bear, gulls. In the tundra inhabits a wolf, lemmings, partridges, white hare, white owl. Taiga is home to migratory birds: swans, geese, terns, ducks, waders. They nest in these regions during a short northern summer. In the spring, the reindeer migrates to the northern regions, where he gives offspring, and for the winter returns to the taiga. This is due to the fact that in winter there is a relatively thin layer of snow in these places, which facilitates the production of feed for the animal.

The geographic position of the taiga in Russia contributes to the fact that here there are trot, wolf, wolverine, brown bear, sable, marten, ermine, Arctic fox, moose, musk deer. Here also occurs beaver, squirrels, voles, raccoon dogs, chipmunks, flying squirrels, pikas. Among the birds it is necessary to note woodpeckers, various kinds of owls, cedarwood, jay, cob, and black grouse.

To the south, in broad-leaved and mixed forests, all large animals were almost completely exterminated as a result of the development of these territories by man. To date, only small populations of the beaver, boar, deer, brown bear, elk, red deer, mink and badger have survived.

Protection of the taiga

Siberian massifs of taiga and taiga of Eurasia are called "lungs" of our planet. The state of these forests, in fact, depends on the carbon and oxygen balance of the surface atmospheric layer. Human activity constantly harms these unique natural landscapes. To protect these zones in Eurasia and North America, many national parks and reserves have been created.

Taiga is a harsh and at the same time very picturesque land. Its main wealth is forest, rivers, animals and minerals. They are engaged in the extraction of oil, coal and gas. Humanity is simply obliged to closely guard and protect these territories.

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