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Genitive case answers the question ... Genitive case of nouns: examples

The genitive case is needed in Russian to express different relationships between the phenomena of the world: it can be the definition of an object through another object (a house made of wood); Action and its subject (the rustling of leaves), the action and its object (building a house), the action and its place (walk around the house), the absence of an object (there is no wind).

Any case is determined by the question.

What is the genitive of the noun?

If it is a question of nouns, it depends on the category of animality or inanimation. The genitive case answers the question:

  • Whom? - an animate noun
  • Of what? - an inanimate noun

Whom?

Of what?

without friends

From a friend

Near the mother

From the fly

With a horse

At the camel's

Near my grandmother

Near the dog

After men

for son

Without pockets

From the well

near the house

Made of wood

From the roof

At the gate

near the entrance

By the porch

After the lesson

for work

The table contains nouns in the genitive case with prepositions. These prepositions are used with the given case of nouns.

Genitive matters of the genitive

It is not always convenient to put case questions. When a noun with a preposition in a sentence denotes time, image, place, purpose of action, then the genitive case is used, the questions of which will be circumstantial:

  • Where from?
  • Where?
  • when?
  • what for?
  • as?

Determination of the meaning of the genitive case on the question

Classify the most convenient values in the table:

Nouns in the genitive matter:

Time of action

Mode of action

Locality

Causes of action

Purpose of action

When?

How?

Where?

Where from?

From what?

What for?

after lunch

Among the day

until the evening

Without sorrow

Without enthusiasm

Without a spark

By the road

from the city

near school

From under a bush

from the mountain

With laughter

With joy

out of curiosity

For resentment

For business

for work

For study

As can be seen from the table, the genitive case of nouns with prepositions has a wide range of uses as circumstances.

The greatest problem in the study of the genitive

How to correctly:

  • Among the Turks or among the Turks?
  • Two hundred grams of sausage or two hundred grams of sausage?
  • Kg of mandarin or tangerines?
  • A pair of shoes or shoes?

If someone from these questions is in a hurry, this is normal.

The greatest headache is the genitive plural.

Of course, you can say: "We do not have business, we do not know cases". But there are circumstances when knowledge is power. For example, the Unified State Examination in Russian.

This topic is the most difficult in the study of the case, since word forms form an uncountable set and it is difficult not to get confused in them.

For the convenience of mastering, you can divide the material into groups according to their genus.

Nouns of the feminine in the plural of the genitive

These nouns usually have zero inflexion. But the fact that before the end is determined by the initial form (unit of hours, etc.)

It is worth recalling that the words in the nominative answer the question who? Or what? The genitive case answers the question of whom? Or what?

  • In them. And-with a hissing. Before it: barge - barge, theft - theft, puddle - puddle, ski - ski, cloud - cloud (without ь).
  • In them. Etc.-not after sizzling: waffle-waffle, shoe-shoes, domna-domain, poker-poker, nanny-nanny, birch-rod, wedding-weddings, gossip-gossip, sheet-sheet, homestead- Estates.
  • In them. Case: lecture - lectures, army - armies, parody - parodies, surname - names, excursion - excursions.
  • In them. Or - I: the rook is a rook, the article is an article, the pin is a pin. But: singing, jumping, bustling, balun, witch, pancake.

  • In them. N. - Cherry - cherries, bedroom - bedrooms, bell tower - bell-tower (here without a soft sign); Village-villages, kitchen-kitchens, apple-apple trees (here with a soft sign).
  • In them. Mother - mothers, daughter - daughters, notebooks - notebooks, night - nights, area - squares, bed - beds, bone - bones, whip - lashes, bed - beds, stove - stoves (ending with).

Nouns in sets. Number of the genus of the genitive

In such nouns, the genitive case is also in most cases with a zero ending, but there are also inflections -ev, -ev.

  • In them. P. -o: window - windows, sieve-bars, mirror-mirrors, ship-ships; Village - villages, oars - oars; Apple - apples But: shilo - shilli, the bottom - donjev, lichiko - lichikov (ending -ev, -ov).
  • In them. P. -e: field - fields, saucer - saucers, towel - towels.
  • In them. N. -ie, -ie: nesting - nesting, conquest - conquests, food - food, coast - coast, potions - potions, land - lands. But: dress - dresses, estuary - mouths, lower reaches - lower reaches (ending -ev).

  • In them. П--ёё: guns. But: copies, snaps.

Genitive case of masculine plural nouns and nouns, which are used only in plural forms. H.

Words of the masculine gender form very many word forms of the genitive case, which do not obey any rules. For convenience, you can classify them by endings and use the table for this:

Genitive case answers the question of whom? Or what?

Zero

-her

, -ev

people

No Englishmen, Bulgarians, Ossetians, Moldovans, Mohicans, Mordvinians, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, Turks, Turkmens, Slavs, Tatars, Bashkirs, Buryats, citizens, foremen, soldiers, partisans, gypsies,

There are no Latvians, uncles, inhabitants, kings, princes, kings, princes, boys, boys

There are no drivers, no sons-in-law, no Lithuanians, no Estonians, no geniuses, no Bedouins, no Bushmen, no Tajiks, no Svan, Karelians, Sarmatians, Karelians, Tungus, Uzbeks, Kalmucks, midshipmen, Bedouins, Kirghiz, Yakuts, sappers, miners, hussars, dragoons,

At a collective value - a squadron of hussars, a regiment of dragoons, a dozen Ulans; Grenadier company

Subjects

Stocking, boots, boots, calf, shoulder straps,

Paths, roots

Roots, bots, socks, rails, glasses, leaves, sheets, bracelets, trinkets,

units

100 volts, arshin, x-ray, hertz, ohm, kopecks, 5 carats

Seven spades, 100 rubles

10 grams, kilograms, centners, acres, hectares, inches, liters meters, millimeters, centimeters, poods, pounds, feet, yards, dinars, dollars, tigers, sterling

Names of products

No pasta

A lot of apricots, oranges, tomatoes, tomatoes, bananas, eggplant, lemons, mandarins,

Nouns having the same plural in the genitive case also vary and do not have a certain rule.

Genitive case answers the question of whom? Or what?

Null ending

Ending with

Ending with -ev, -ev

There are no moccasins, no attacks, a few scissors, there is no pantaloons, the approach of dusk, no pantaloons, the arrival of the dark, jump off the stilt, no trousers.

The advent of everyday life, a lot of rakes, a few woods, no creches.

Without freaks, to frosts, no clips, no rags, shame of rags, no pantov, no scum;

Adjectives and participles in the genitive

The names of adjectives and participles also tend to cases and have endings that depend on the questions that are placed on them from nouns.

If we consider only the genitive case, the following questions are posed:

  • What kind? - the husband. And media. Kind
  • Which one? - female. Kind

For example:

  • Dawn (what?) Scarlet, evening - end-me, -th;
  • The sea (of what?) Deep, sparkling - the end of -go, -go;
  • A ship (of what?) Large, floating - the ending of -go, -go.

To the adjectives and participles are put questions of the genitive plural:

  • What?
  • What do they do?
  • What did they do?

For example:

Sails (what?) White, (what do?) Whites, (that made?) Revealed.

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