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Genitive case answers the question ... Genitive case of nouns: examples
The genitive case is needed in Russian to express different relationships between the phenomena of the world: it can be the definition of an object through another object (a house made of wood); Action and its subject (the rustling of leaves), the action and its object (building a house), the action and its place (walk around the house), the absence of an object (there is no wind).
Any case is determined by the question.
What is the genitive of the noun?
If it is a question of nouns, it depends on the category of animality or inanimation. The genitive case answers the question:
- Whom? - an animate noun
- Of what? - an inanimate noun
Whom? | Of what? |
without friends From a friend Near the mother From the fly With a horse At the camel's Near my grandmother Near the dog After men for son | Without pockets From the well near the house Made of wood From the roof At the gate near the entrance By the porch After the lesson for work |
The table contains nouns in the genitive case with prepositions. These prepositions are used with the given case of nouns.
Genitive matters of the genitive
It is not always convenient to put case questions. When a noun with a preposition in a sentence denotes time, image, place, purpose of action, then the genitive case is used, the questions of which will be circumstantial:
- Where from?
- Where?
- when?
- what for?
- as?
Determination of the meaning of the genitive case on the question
Classify the most convenient values in the table:
Nouns in the genitive matter: | ||||
Time of action | Mode of action | Locality | Causes of action | Purpose of action |
When? | How? | Where? Where from? | From what? | What for? |
after lunch Among the day until the evening | Without sorrow Without enthusiasm Without a spark | By the road from the city near school From under a bush from the mountain | With laughter With joy out of curiosity For resentment | For business for work For study |
As can be seen from the table, the genitive case of nouns with prepositions has a wide range of uses as circumstances.
The greatest problem in the study of the genitive
How to correctly:
- Among the Turks or among the Turks?
- Two hundred grams of sausage or two hundred grams of sausage?
- Kg of mandarin or tangerines?
- A pair of shoes or shoes?
If someone from these questions is in a hurry, this is normal.
The greatest headache is the genitive plural.
Of course, you can say: "We do not have business, we do not know cases". But there are circumstances when knowledge is power. For example, the Unified State Examination in Russian.
This topic is the most difficult in the study of the case, since word forms form an uncountable set and it is difficult not to get confused in them.
For the convenience of mastering, you can divide the material into groups according to their genus.
Nouns of the feminine in the plural of the genitive
These nouns usually have zero inflexion. But the fact that before the end is determined by the initial form (unit of hours, etc.)
It is worth recalling that the words in the nominative answer the question who? Or what? The genitive case answers the question of whom? Or what?
- In them. And-with a hissing. Before it: barge - barge, theft - theft, puddle - puddle, ski - ski, cloud - cloud (without ь).
- In them. Etc.-not after sizzling: waffle-waffle, shoe-shoes, domna-domain, poker-poker, nanny-nanny, birch-rod, wedding-weddings, gossip-gossip, sheet-sheet, homestead- Estates.
- In them. Case: lecture - lectures, army - armies, parody - parodies, surname - names, excursion - excursions.
- In them. Or - I: the rook is a rook, the article is an article, the pin is a pin. But: singing, jumping, bustling, balun, witch, pancake.
- In them. N. - Cherry - cherries, bedroom - bedrooms, bell tower - bell-tower (here without a soft sign); Village-villages, kitchen-kitchens, apple-apple trees (here with a soft sign).
- In them. Mother - mothers, daughter - daughters, notebooks - notebooks, night - nights, area - squares, bed - beds, bone - bones, whip - lashes, bed - beds, stove - stoves (ending with).
Nouns in sets. Number of the genus of the genitive
In such nouns, the genitive case is also in most cases with a zero ending, but there are also inflections -ev, -ev.
- In them. P. -o: window - windows, sieve-bars, mirror-mirrors, ship-ships; Village - villages, oars - oars; Apple - apples But: shilo - shilli, the bottom - donjev, lichiko - lichikov (ending -ev, -ov).
- In them. P. -e: field - fields, saucer - saucers, towel - towels.
- In them. N. -ie, -ie: nesting - nesting, conquest - conquests, food - food, coast - coast, potions - potions, land - lands. But: dress - dresses, estuary - mouths, lower reaches - lower reaches (ending -ev).
- In them. П--ёё: guns. But: copies, snaps.
Genitive case of masculine plural nouns and nouns, which are used only in plural forms. H.
Words of the masculine gender form very many word forms of the genitive case, which do not obey any rules. For convenience, you can classify them by endings and use the table for this:
Genitive case answers the question of whom? Or what? | ||
Zero | -her | , -ev |
people | ||
No Englishmen, Bulgarians, Ossetians, Moldovans, Mohicans, Mordvinians, Romanians, Georgians, Armenians, Turks, Turkmens, Slavs, Tatars, Bashkirs, Buryats, citizens, foremen, soldiers, partisans, gypsies, | There are no Latvians, uncles, inhabitants, kings, princes, kings, princes, boys, boys | There are no drivers, no sons-in-law, no Lithuanians, no Estonians, no geniuses, no Bedouins, no Bushmen, no Tajiks, no Svan, Karelians, Sarmatians, Karelians, Tungus, Uzbeks, Kalmucks, midshipmen, Bedouins, Kirghiz, Yakuts, sappers, miners, hussars, dragoons, |
At a collective value - a squadron of hussars, a regiment of dragoons, a dozen Ulans; Grenadier company | ||
Subjects | ||
Stocking, boots, boots, calf, shoulder straps, | Paths, roots | Roots, bots, socks, rails, glasses, leaves, sheets, bracelets, trinkets, |
units | ||
100 volts, arshin, x-ray, hertz, ohm, kopecks, 5 carats | Seven spades, 100 rubles | 10 grams, kilograms, centners, acres, hectares, inches, liters meters, millimeters, centimeters, poods, pounds, feet, yards, dinars, dollars, tigers, sterling |
Names of products | ||
No pasta | A lot of apricots, oranges, tomatoes, tomatoes, bananas, eggplant, lemons, mandarins, | |
Nouns having the same plural in the genitive case also vary and do not have a certain rule.
Genitive case answers the question of whom? Or what? | ||
Null ending | Ending with | Ending with -ev, -ev |
There are no moccasins, no attacks, a few scissors, there is no pantaloons, the approach of dusk, no pantaloons, the arrival of the dark, jump off the stilt, no trousers. | The advent of everyday life, a lot of rakes, a few woods, no creches. | Without freaks, to frosts, no clips, no rags, shame of rags, no pantov, no scum; |
Adjectives and participles in the genitive
The names of adjectives and participles also tend to cases and have endings that depend on the questions that are placed on them from nouns.
If we consider only the genitive case, the following questions are posed:
- What kind? - the husband. And media. Kind
- Which one? - female. Kind
For example:
- Dawn (what?) Scarlet, evening - end-me, -th;
- The sea (of what?) Deep, sparkling - the end of -go, -go;
- A ship (of what?) Large, floating - the ending of -go, -go.
To the adjectives and participles are put questions of the genitive plural:
- What?
- What do they do?
- What did they do?
For example:
Sails (what?) White, (what do?) Whites, (that made?) Revealed.
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