From what increases the pressure in a person - the causes and treatment

In the hustle and bustle of our lives, you will not be surprised by headaches, and the "probably pressure" clause becomes familiar. From what increases the pressure in a person and how to deal with it, find out more.

Blood pressure - what is it?

As is known, in the human body, nutrients and oxygen to the organs deliver blood that flows through vessels of different diameters, while exerting some pressure on their walls. By keeping this pressure and making the blood move further, the heart contracts and relaxes. Normally this process is repeated from 60 to 80 times per minute. At the moment when the heart is contracting (systole), the maximum pressure is recorded. It was called systolic. At the time of relaxation of the heart muscle (diastole), the lower, or diastolic, pressure is recorded. Strictly speaking, the diastolic pressure shows the level of the vascular wall tone.

Apparatus for measuring blood pressure, a tonometer, registers both quantities. When recording, the systolic and then the diastolic pressure are first indicated, which are measured in millimeters of mercury (mm Hg). Normally, the systolic pressure should not exceed 140 mm Hg. Art. The optimal diastolic pressure is below 90. If the pressure constantly rises, then this is a manifestation of a serious disease called hypertension.

Symptoms

According to statistical data, in our country more than 40% of the population regularly has a rise in blood pressure, and, worse, almost half of the patients do not know about it. From what increases the pressure in humans? This issue has been studied in sufficient detail today, but the danger of hypertension lies in the fact that very often it is asymptomatic, and it can be detected only accidentally. As a rule, the increase in pressure is accompanied by a headache, weakness, flashing of "flies" before the eyes. Often these symptoms are associated with rapid heart rate, sweating, pulsation in the head. If the pressure has risen to high numbers, nausea and even vomiting, nosebleeds are possible. Hypertension with experience marks the swelling of the eyelids, small swelling on the face and hands in the morning, numbness of the fingers. Such symptoms should make you wary and take a closer look at your condition. Every person over the age of 40 is advised to control their pressure.

The First Bells

The increase in pressure is a completely normal physiological process. Thus, the brain reacts to insufficient blood supply and lack of oxygen. But the norm is only a temporary increase and the body's ability to adjust it independently. This can occur against a background of stress, when the effect of adrenaline ejection is a narrowing of the vessels. If the pressure increases after eating, then this is also a normal process.

Take measures when the pressure is increased constantly, it should be done even if the patient does not experience any unpleasant sensations. It does not matter what increases the pressure in a person. It is worthwhile to take care if the quality of life often violates the following symptoms:

• From the side of the nervous system - headaches (localized in the nape of the neck, arising more often in the morning), tinnitus, sleep disturbances, increased irritability and fatigue, anxiety;
• Vegetative disorders - heart palpitations, rhythm disturbances, pulsations in the head, sweating and congestion (reddening) of the face;
• The appearance of edema - even a slight fluid retention in the body leads to an increase in pressure on the walls of the vessels, so the appearance of puffiness on the eyelids, the face serves as a direct indication for the control of pressure.

What happens if hypertension is not treated?

The level of pressure directly affects the work of the heart - the higher it is, the more effort it takes to maintain a normal blood supply. In this case, the walls of the heart first thicken, which causes interruptions in its work, and then become thinner, the result is the inability of the heart to perform the pumping function. This is accompanied by shortness of breath, fatigue and other signs of heart failure.

It has already been proven that hypertension accelerates the destruction of the vessel wall by atherosclerotic plaques, which in turn leads to narrowing of the lumen. In the event of a lesion of the coronary vessels that feed the heart, angina pectoris or myocardial infarction may develop. Also, the risk of cerebral strokes increases dramatically.

Why does a person increase blood pressure?

The causes of primary (essential) hypertension, paradoxically as it may sound, are unknown in 90% of cases. Most often they are associated with a hereditary factor and the stresses that accompany our lives. Why does the pressure in a person increase? The causes are most often associated with the state of the vessels. If the results of the examinations revealed that you have an increase in the vascular tone according to the hypertonic type, then it is only necessary to select the drugs correctly, with the help of which the condition will be adjusted. An example of such hypertension can be a reaction to atmospheric pressure jumps. So, if the atmospheric pressure rises, in a person suffering from hypertension, the condition usually worsens.

Stress

Stressful situations, which very often accompany our lives, can also cause a rise in pressure. In a healthy person, this process is easily reversible, and after the nervous tension subsides, the pressure returns to the normal physiological level.

However, over time, such jumps can damage the vessels, and the body will no longer cope with such overloads. In these cases, after a stressful situation, a person can observe not only how much pressure has increased, but also that lowering it to a normal level becomes a much more difficult task. Over time, the increase in pressure occurs even in a calm state.

Food

As shown by numerous studies, great importance in the development of hypertension has nourishment. Fatty food is at the same time an important factor. This applies not only to meat, oils and other animal fats, but also to such seemingly safe foods as cheese, chocolate, sausages, cakes. In addition, it is proven that the pressure increases after eating in large quantities.

Another important reason, related to nutrition, is the use of salt. Many doctors today recommend that you generally stop using it, or at least reduce its number. Salt affects the state of the vascular walls, reducing their elasticity and increasing brittleness, which is the main answer to the question of why the upper pressure in a person rises. The reasons lie in the excessive use of salt. All this greatly complicates the humoral regulation and exerts a strain on various systems of the body. In addition, salt makes it difficult to remove fluid from the body, which also leads to an increase in pressure.

Alcohol, especially in large doses, stimulating the heartbeat and increasing vascular tone, also represents an important factor that causes hypertension.

Obesity and hypodynamia

Two of these factors almost always accompany the increase in pressure. When a person spends a long time without movement, the flow of blood along the vascular bed slows down, the resistance of peripheral vessels increases, and, accordingly, the pressure rises. Despite the common belief that when pressure increases pressure, for normal functioning it is simply necessary.

Symptomatic hypertension

In hypertension, not only systolic pressure, but also diastolic pressure, may increase, and this, as a rule, has more serious consequences. The main causes of what increases the lower pressure in a person are kidney pathologies or metabolic disorders.

1. Kidney disease. Most often this happens when the kidneys can not remove excess fluid and salts from the body in a timely manner. In this case, there is an increase in the volume of blood circulating along the vascular bed, respectively, and blood pressure also increases. Depending on what increases the pressure - from kidney disease (glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis) or due to a violation of the mechanisms of their regulation (vegetative or humoral), and treatment will be prescribed.
2. Infringements of an exchange. As a rule, this happens with a lack of potassium. At the same time, the pressure rises sharply, by attacks. They are accompanied by a sharp pallor, sweating, palpitations and irregular rhythm. Possible nausea, vomiting, or stool disorders.

Therapy

Treatment of hypertension is necessary, regardless of why pressure in a person increases. The reasons for this can be very different, and even the fact that while deviations do not affect the quality of life, is not the reason for refusing therapy. On the example of thousands of patients it is proved that the pressure needs to be corrected. Even a rise above 140/95 mm Hg. Art. For a long time has a significant burden on organs and systems. Of course, with such a small deviation from the norm, it will be enough to stop bad habits, control food and daily walks for correction, but this can not be postponed until the disease fully manifests itself!

Drugs for hypertension

In modern pharmacology there are many tools that correct the level of blood pressure. Usually, doctors use complex therapy, which consists in the use of the following groups of drugs.

• Diuretics (diuretics) - they help to remove from the body an excessive amount of fluid and salts.
• Beta-adrenoblockers - drugs reduce the intensity of the heart, thereby reducing energy costs of the body.
• ACE inhibitors are vasodilators. They increase the lumen of blood vessels by reducing the production of angiotensin (a substance that causes their spasm).
• Alpha-adrenoblockers also remove spasm from peripheral vessels by reducing the conduction of nerve impulses that affect the tone of the vessel wall, thereby reducing pressure.
• Calcium antagonists - do not allow ions to penetrate into the heart muscle cells or affect the frequency of heart contractions.

Despite the widespread belief that only those situations in which pressure jumps occur need to be treated in a drug correction, therapy should be carried out in any case. If you have diagnosed "hypertension," taking medication becomes an integral part of your life. They need to be drunk constantly, because even a temporary refusal of the drugs will entail the return of hypertension, and all efforts will be reduced to none.

A happy exception may be those people who in time noticed the problem and managed to rebuild their lives, eliminating bad habits and optimizing physical activity. Precisely in order to prevent this insidious disease in time, you need to know what increases the pressure in a person, and in time to exclude these factors from your life, because everyone knows that preventing the disease is much easier than curing it.