HealthDiseases and Conditions

First medical aid in case of frostbite and hypothermia

Cold weather is not the only condition for frostbite. Of great importance are the attendant conditions, such as wet and tight shoes, physical exhaustion, prolonged motionless position, vascular diseases, excessive intake of alcohol. Timely measures not only affect the course of further treatment, but also save lives. Therefore, the first medical help in case of frostbite is something that every person needs to know and be able to do.

Characteristics of frostbite

Frostbite causes changes in tissues, the nature of which depends on the temperature and duration of exposure to cold. At a temperature from minus 10 o C to minus 20 o C, the length of stay in the cold, during which there is a narrowing of small blood vessels and a slowing of blood circulation, is of primary importance. At a temperature of minus 30 ° C, the main thing is that the cold acts directly on the tissue, causing their death.

In order for first aid to be provided with frostbite to be effective, it is necessary to distinguish between the effects of cold exposure. Frostbite of the 1st degree (lung) is characterized by pale skin, blushing after warming. The affected area swells, a person feels burning, itching and pain. With frostbite of the 2nd degree, the same symptoms are present, but more pronounced. The most characteristic sign is the formation on the first day of bubbles with liquid. With frostbite of the third degree, the death of the affected tissues and the filling of blisters with a bloody liquid occurs. Frostbite of the 4th degree leads to the necrosis of all layers of soft tissue, often touching bones.

First aid

The first medical help with frostbite of the 1st degree differs significantly from the other three. The first thing to do is to take the victim to a nearby heated room, remove his gloves, shoes and socks. To remove the spasm of blood vessels, you need to give 2 tablets of "Drotaverina" or "No-shpy", "Spazgan". As an anesthetic, preparations "Aspirin" or "Analgin" are suitable. The victim must be given a drink and fed. It is recommended to make a warm hand by lightly rubbing the affected areas, while warming them with breathing. Then warm woolen dressings are applied to these places.

The first medical help with frostbite of 2-4 degree provides for similar actions: a warm room, tablets, hot drink and food. But to do massage, rubbing and fast warming it is impossible, as it worsens the course of frostbite. Primary SMS with frostbite consists in the imposition on the affected area of a bandage of woolen cloth or a thick layer of cotton wool. Affected limbs must be fixed with cardboard or plywood, pribintovav them to the bandage.

Help with hypothermia

Frostbite due to prolonged exposure to cold is accompanied by a general cooling of the body (body temperature drops below 34 ° C). With a mild degree, the patient manifests a chill, difficulty speaking, pale skin. This state is well removed by finding it in a bath with a gradual warming of the water.

For the average degree, drowsiness, oppression of the mind, and cyanotic skin are characteristic. With a severe degree of consciousness is absent, breathing is rare, the pulse is reduced to 36 beats per minute. The victim should be taken immediately to the hospital. The first medical help in case of frostbite also calls for a doctor or emergency aid.

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