Ecological policy. Directions, conceptual framework

State environmental policy is one of the most important regulatory factors in the social and environmental situation. Under this definition, according to some authors, should be understood as a set of special economic, political, legal and other measures. The state's environmental policy is carried out to ensure the use of natural resources available on the territory of the country in a rational way, contributing to the dynamically balanced development of society, economy and nature.

The above-mentioned management factor is based on the official generally accepted concept of solving the problem of nature management.

Today, Russia's environmental policy is determined by sustainable provisions, enshrined in the Presidential Decrees. The main directions of environmental management in modern conditions are:

1. Formation of a new economic and legal mechanism for managing the impact of military, economic or any other activity on the state of the environment.
2. Perfection and adaptation to a new social, economic model of legislation that provides protection of nature.
3. Formation of licensing, certification, standardization in the environmental sector, in accordance with Russia's entry into the system of environmental security of international importance.
4. Formation of a unified state system for environmental monitoring.
5. Stimulation of the introduction of resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies.
6. Expansion of the Institute for Environmental Expertise.
7. Expansion of entrepreneurial activity in the sphere of nature management.
8. Involvement of citizens in decision-making in the sphere of nature management and other areas.

Environmental policy with its conceptual framework is influenced by certain factors. According to experts, the following factors have a significant impact:

1. The actual degree of exacerbation of problems of nature management in the territory of a certain country.
2. The nature of the environmental difficulties arising from the deterioration of the state of the environment.
3. Uncertainty in the scientific sphere in solving some fundamentally important problems.
4. Limitations in resources (including financial ones).
5. The actual level of development of environmental and resource-saving technologies (including destruction and recycling of waste).
6. Competitiveness of environmentally friendly products, efficiency in the economic terms of environmentally friendly production.

In addition, the way in which environmental policy develops is influenced by international obligations, as well as by the social reaction of the population.

When developing the conceptual framework for environmental management in the country, it is important to choose the principle of the functioning of economic regulation mechanisms. In accordance with economic theory, the consequences of production for nature are attributed to external (external) factors. These factors arise when the balance between public and private benefits is disturbed. An example of such a situation may be the operation of the CHP. Such a production of electricity, of course, is socially useful and brings income to the owner of the station. However, at the same time, it can provoke acid rains, an increase in the radioactive background in nearby areas. Thus, the operation of a CHP useful for a single company can cause damage to people who do not benefit from its work.

The country's environmental policy should be aimed at improving the environmental situation. According to the results of some surveys, the majority of citizens consider the state machinery responsible for natural safety.