Ecological objectives and environmental objectives. Goals and objectives of environmental monitoring

The main environmental goals and environmental objectives are to create an information system that allows obtaining true information about the state of the environment, changes in biotic and physical components under the influence of anthropogenic and natural factors.

The tasks to be performed in environmental monitoring

We will clarify the main directions related to these studies. Goals and objectives of environmental monitoring :

• Obtaining of primary information, its processing, systematization, analysis, creation of a database;
• Processing and provision of information in the form of maps, graphs, tables;
• Modernization and improvement of methods for obtaining primary information;
• Assessment of the real state of the environment, as well as the forecast for the near future;
• The identification of the causes of the probable and observed phenomena of such a state;
• Efficiency of providing the required information to interested persons.

The goals and objectives of environmental monitoring, noted above, contribute to the adoption of operational decisions in the field of nature management. The forecast is necessary for the development of solutions designed for a long time period.

Basis for organization of environmental monitoring

Such activities are based on three main principles:

• Systematic;
• Complexity;
• Unification.

These parameters contribute to the construction of an environmental monitoring system, imply the use of certain constituent components:

• Selection of monitoring objects and verifiable characteristics;
• Creation of special observation points;
• Systematization of the data obtained, analysis and assessment of the environmental situation;
• Consideration of information and solutions to find ways to eliminate problems in the environmental situation.

Structure of environmental monitoring

It is based on the main four blocks:

• database;
• An analytical unit;
• Information block;
• control system.

Part of the system of environmental monitoring is the system for managing the state of the OS, because information about the real environment and trends of change are considered the basis for creating a special environmental policy, as well as for planning the economic and social development of certain territories.

The goals and objectives of environmental policy are to preserve a unique natural environment, to enhance the culture of human communication with nature.

Use of information obtained through monitoring

Environmental goals and environmental objectives, carried out during monitoring, allow the executive authorities to obtain information for work:

• Planning activities aimed at reducing environmental pollution;
• Selection of priority activities;
• Monitoring and evaluation of the rationality of various environmental measures;
• Development of temporary measures to reduce pollution in those areas where exceedances of the maximum permissible concentrations have been identified;
• Verification of compliance with the standards and quality standards of the natural facility;
• Obtaining information for the organization of scientific research;
• The introduction of relevant legislative standards.

The economic aspect is an important point in the development of a monitoring system. In the course of research, the conformity of techniques and methods selected for monitoring with the tasks assigned to employees is assessed. Due to the results obtained, it is possible to adjust the state policy in the sphere of environmental protection.

Policy in the field of environmental safety

For a long time, environmental goals and environmental objectives were based on the following provisions:

• the effect of man-made hazards on the human body is related to exceeding the maximum permitted concentrations of radioactive and toxic substances in the environment (MPC);

• the person is most sensitive to the negative effect of factors on the part of the biosphere, and therefore he must be protected by the state.

Such an approach to environmental research presupposes the development of monitoring measures, because such a policy is sufficient for the bodies of technical control over the activities of health services and the organization of treatment systems at enterprises. Experience has shown the fallacy of such an approach, with its use of environmental goals and environmental objectives are not being addressed. There are such dangerous chemicals that even in small amounts can cause a negative impact on the human body, violate metabolic processes. Hygienic norms of MPC are often overestimated in reality, they are harmful to many living organisms: trees, coniferous plants, lichens.

Integrated monitoring

What are the main goals and objectives of environmental impact assessment? There are special programs that require comprehensive monitoring for a comprehensive assessment of various problems related to environmental pollution. What does comprehensive monitoring include?

1. The study of global impacts on the Earth's surface, for example, an analysis of the problem associated with the release into the atmosphere of carbon dioxide and halocarbon compounds.
2. The regional environmental problem, which can negatively affect the neighboring groups of countries. For example, because of the transboundary transfer of aggressive chemicals, air and waterways pollute the seas, tropical forests degenerate.
3. Local problems concerning a fairly small area. In this case, the main environmental goals and environmental objectives are related to determining the quality of drinking water, identifying the quantitative content of heavy metals in the soil, and analyzing the state of the soil layer.

The scale of the environmental monitoring system

Monitoring is carried out both in a small area, and globally (across the globe). Based on the data obtained, the general state of the biosphere is analyzed.

National monitoring

It means carrying out a system of research on the territory of one country. The goals and tasks of environmental assessment of this kind are to obtain information and assess the state of the OS in the interests of national security. With the increase of pollution in some cities or industrial areas, local measures are taken to eliminate the problem identified.

Ecological education in educational institutions

In connection with the urgency of the problems associated with the pollution of natural areas with chemicals, the system of modern education also pays special attention to the formation of the foundations of ecological culture in the younger generation. The guys under the guidance of their mentor are engaged in their own monitoring research, solve certain problems related to the deterioration of the quality of drinking water. The goals and objectives of the environmental project depend on what the student wants to study, consider, analyze. For example, it is possible to assess the quality of drinking water in different places of one settlement, to clarify the existing difficulties, and to offer their own ways of eliminating them. The goals and objectives of environmental education are regulated by the federal educational standards of the second generation, aimed at educating the tolerant attitude towards nature in the younger generation. Many preschool institutions choose ecology as their main activity. What are the main goals, objectives and environmental education in the DOW? Kids get acquainted with the rules of behavior in the forest, study rare plants, learn to distinguish useful and poisonous flowers, mushrooms.

Environmental Law

In connection with the fact that recently unauthorized emissions by large industrial enterprises in the atmosphere of harmful chemicals have become more frequent, the issues of legal protection of nature from the harmful effects of man have become topical. The goals and objectives of environmental law are regulated by Russian law. It provides for liability for violations of the rules of nature use, indicates all measures that can be taken against violators. Large chemical plants pay special attention to the creation of high-quality treatment facilities that prevent the penetration of poisonous substances into air and water resources. What are the environmental goals and objectives of the enterprise controlling the activities of chemical plants? At certain times, samples of water, soil, air are taken, and according to the results of quantitative and qualitative analysis, the conformity of samples to acceptable standards is determined. If serious violations are detected, an environmental audit is carried out . Its goals and tasks depend on the specifics of the organization, but mostly they concern the verification of compliance with all security requirements. If the results obtained indicate that serious problems exist, the issue of initiating a criminal investigation into the violation of environmental legislation is being decided.

Conclusion

Environmental monitoring is an integral part of ensuring the safety of people living on our planet. That is why every state tries to find material resources for organizing research aimed at solving problems related to ecology. In order to ensure that the goals and objectives of environmental management are in line with the country's policy, there is such a direction as environmental policy. This branch of law presupposes certain normative acts, which stipulate all the requirements for the activities of large companies and enterprises, as well as those measures of responsibility that will be taken against them in case of violation of normative acts. In order for the growing generation to have an ecological culture, special courses on ecology are being introduced at the level of pre-school and school education. In the classroom, children learn to take care of the environment carefully, rationally use natural resources. New federal educational standards of the second generation presuppose the formation of schoolchildren's desire for independent study of the foundations of nature management, conducting environmental studies and monitoring.