Eastern and Western Sayan Mountains - the mountains of the south of Siberia

In our vast country there are many mountain ranges, differing from each other in the height of their ridges, as well as in climatic conditions. Most of these massifs are poorly manned, poorly populated, and therefore nature has managed to preserve its original, natural appearance.

Of all the mountain systems located in our country, the most remarkable, the most unexplored, the most beautiful are Sayans. These mountains are in the south of Eastern Siberia and belong to the Altai-Sayan folded region. The mountain system consists of two ridges, called the Western and Eastern Sayans. Eastern Sayan is relatively western at almost right angles.

The Western Sayan stretched out about six hundred kilometers in length, and the Eastern one by a thousand. Consisting of peaked and leveled ridges, which are separated by intermountain hollows, the Western Sayan is sometimes considered a separate mountain system - the mountains of Tuva. Eastern Sayans - mountains, which are pronounced middle mountain ranges; On them there are glaciers, the melting water of which forms rivers belonging to the Yenisei basin. Between the Sayan ranges there are more than a dozen hollows, of various sizes and depths. Among them - Abakan-Minusinsk, very well known in archaeological circles. Sayans - the mountains are relatively low. The highest point of the Western Sayan Mountains is Mount Mongun-Taiga (3971 m), and Eastern Munku-Sardyk (3,491 m).

According to written documents and maps dating from the 17th century, Sayans were first considered as one object - a relatively small range Sayan Stone, now called the Sayan Range. Later this name spread to a wider area. Straddling their south-western part in the Altai, the mountains of the Sayan Mountains stretch to the Baikal region.

The slopes of the Sayans are mostly covered with taiga, which passes into subalpine and alpine meadows, and in higher places to the mountain tundra. The main obstacle to agriculture is the presence of permafrost. In general, the Sayans are mountains covered with light larch-cedar and dark coniferous spruce-cedar and fir forests.

On the territory of Sayan there are two largest reserves of wild nature. In the East - the famous Pillars, famous for its rocks of volcanic origin, so popular among fans of rock climbing. Mountains Western Sayan is the territory of the Sayano-Shushensky Reserve, where brown bears, wolverines, sables, lynxes, marals, musk deer and many other animals live, including those listed in the Red Book (eg snow leopard, snow leopard).

The man began to settle in the Sayan inter-mountains about forty thousand years ago, as evidenced by the remnants of stone tools found on primitive campsites. In the Western Sayan found traces of Uyuk culture. So, in one of the graves in the Valley of the Kings on the river Uyuk - in the grave of the Scythian leader - it was discovered 20 kilograms of gold items. The Russians began to settle here in the 17th century, founded on the banks of local rivers, which at that time were the only transport route, fortified settlements - jails. And nowadays the Sayans are a sparsely populated territory. The population prefers to live near roads and large rivers, although there are small peoples living far from civilization. So, in one of the hard-to-reach areas - Tofalaria - the Tofalara (Tofah), a population of less than 700 people, resides.