Definition, circumstance, addition. The questions of definition, additions, circumstances

When individual words are combined into sentences, they become members, and each of them has its own syntactic role. The syntax examines how a coherent text is created from words. The definition, circumstance, addition is the names of the words-participants of the proposal, which are combined into a group of secondary members.

"Gentlemen and Servants"

If there are minor terms in the sentence, then there are major ones. Such are the words-subject and the word-predicate. Each proposal has at least one of the main members. More often syntactic constructions consist of both subject and predicate. They represent the grammatical basis of the sentence. And what do the secondary (definition, circumstance, addition) do? Their task is to supplement, clarify, explain the main members or each other.

How in the proposal to distinguish the secondary members from the main ones?

First, we will remember that the main members of the proposal contain basic information about the subject, person, action, condition. In the sentence "Recently passed (predicate) rain (subject)," the basis is the phrase "passed the rain," which concludes the main meaning of the utterance.

Secondary members (definition, circumstance, addition) do not contain statements about objects, persons, states and actions, they only explain the statements that are contained in the main members. "The rain has passed (when?) Recently."

Secondly, it is possible to recognize the main points in the questions that are asked of them. The subject will always answer the question "who?" Or "what?". The predicate in the sentence will answer the question "what does?", "Who is?", "What is it?", "What?". Members of the proposal, which are called secondary, also have their own, only one peculiar, questions. Let's talk about them in more detail.

The questions of definition, additions, circumstances

• Definition of a linguist is called a member of the proposal, which describes the sign, the quality of the object or person. "Which, which, whose, whose?" - the questions asked for definition.
• An addendum is that secondary term that contains the name of the person or object, but not the one that makes or experiences the action, but the one that became the object of the action. The questions of indirect cases (not including the nominative here) are supplementary questions (circumstances and definitions never answer them).
• A circumstance refers to a secondary term that indicates in the sentence a sign of action or of another sign. "Where, where and where, when, how, why and why?" - these are the questions that can be asked for the circumstance.

We examined the issues of definition, addition, circumstances. Now we will find out what parts of speech each of these minor members can express.

Characteristics of the definition, examples

On the questions that are asked for the definition, it is evident that the adjectives, ordinal numbers, participles are used as this member of the sentence.

• "I heard (what?) The growing noise." Communion "growing" here is a definition.
• "I'm already taking the (third?) Exam." The ordinal numeral "third" fulfills the role of the definition.
• "Katya wrapped herself in (whose?") My mother's sweater. " Adjective "mother" - the definition.

At syntactic analysis this term of the sentence is emphasized with a wavy line.

Specific circumstances

The groups of words with which the circumstance can be expressed are enormous, and therefore this sentence member has several kinds - place and time, purpose and cause, comparison and mode of action, conditions, and concessions.

Circumstances of the place

They characterize the direction and place of action. They are asked questions "where, where and where"?

• "Man has not visited (where?) On Mars". The circumstance in this case is expressed by a preposition and a noun residing in the prepositional case: "on Mars".

The Circumstances of Time

They characterize the time interval in which the action takes place. They are asked questions "since when, until when, when?".

• "We have not seen (since when?) Since last winter." Circumstance is expressed by the phrase adjective and noun, which is in the genitive case and has a preposition: "since last winter".
• "I'll be back (when?) The day after tomorrow." As a matter of fact, the adverb "the day after tomorrow" is used.
• "We need to have time to cross the border (until what time?) Until the evening." The circumstance of time is expressed by a noun in the parent. Case with the preposition: "until the evening."

Circumstances of purpose

They explain what the action is for. "Why, for what purpose?" - his questions.

• "Raisa Petrovna went to the sea (why?) To swim." The circumstance is expressed here as an infinitive to "swim".
• "Sergei came to the set (for what?) For samples." The circumstance became the noun, which is in the accusative case and has a preposition: "for tests."
• "Masha cut the rug (why?) To spite the governess." Circumstance is expressed by the dialect "spitefully".

Cause of the cause

It characterizes the cause of the action. "On what grounds, why and why?" - questions of this kind of circumstances.

• "Artem was absent from rehearsal (on what grounds?) Because of illness." Circumstance is expressed by a noun in the genus. With the pretext: "because of illness".
• "I told her stupid things (why?) Hot." They are. Is expressed by the adverb "heated".
• "Alice opened the door, (why?) Taking pity on the traveler." As a circumstance, the verbal participle is used "having taken pity on the traveler".

Circumstances of the mode of action

They describe how, how it is done, to what extent this action is expressed. Corresponding are his questions.

• "The master worked (how?) Easily and beautifully." Adverbs are "easy" and "beautiful".
• "The dress was (to what extent?) Very old." Circumstance is expressed here in the dialect "absolutely".
• "The boys rushed (how fast?) Headlong". The circumstances are expressed by phraseology.

Comparative circumstances

To them we also ask the question "how?", But they express a comparative characteristic.

• "The locomotive, (like who?) As a beast, flickered headlamp lights." Obst. Expressed by a noun with a union: "like an animal."

Circumstances of conditions and concessions

The first shows under what condition the action is possible, and the second describes, in spite of what it is happening.

• "He will remember everything, (under what condition?) If he sees Victoria." As a circumstance, the combination "union, verb, noun": "if he sees Victoria".
• "The club will not cancel the competition, (contrary to what?) Despite the downpour." Obst. Is expressed by a gypsy part: "despite the downpour."

When parsing, this term is emphasized by the dot-dot line.

Such are the definition and circumstance. Supplement can be expressed by nouns or pronouns.

Examples of add-ons

• "The sun lit up (what?) The clearing." Addition is expressed in a noun in the wine. P.
• "Marina suddenly saw (whom?) Him." Supplement - a pronoun in the accusative case.
• "Children were left without (what?) Toys." As a supplement, a noun in the genus is used. P.
• "We found out (to whom?) Marfa's gait." The complement is a noun in the genus. P.
• "Irina was happy (to what?) The sea, like a child." In the role of complement - a noun in the dative.
• "Alexey gave me (to whom?) A manuscript for me" (expressed by a pronoun in the dative case).
• "Last summer I got carried away (with what?) Drawing" (noun in the instrumental case).
• "Ivan has become (by what?) A programmer" (noun in creates a case).
• "The child with enthusiasm told about (what?) The cosmos" (noun in the proposed item).
• "Do not tell him about (her?) Her." As a supplement, a pronoun is used in the prepositional case.

When parsing this secondary term is emphasized with dashed lines.

The place and role of the secondary members of the proposal

Secondary members can clarify and explain the main ones in different configurations. Example: "The mother's view warmed (whom?) The baby, (how?), Like the sun, (what?) Affectionate and hot." The scheme of this sentence is as follows: definition, subject, predicate, addition, circumstance, definition.

And here is a sentence in which only the predicate is present as a basis: "Let's spend (what?) Year (what?) Gone (how?) Song." Scheme of the sentence: compound predicate, addition, definition, circumstance.

We can see that these members are secondary only grammatically, but not in content. Sometimes the meaning that the definition implies, the circumstance, the addition, is more important than the information transmitted by the predicates and subjects.