Correction of the alveolar process. Anatomical part of jaw

The alveolar process is an anatomical part of the jaw. Such formations occur both on the upper and lower jaws. Appearance of the alveolar process resembles a sponge. Its height can be different, depending on hereditary factors, age, and transferred diseases of the teeth.

Structure

The alveolar process consists of the following elements:

• The outer wall, which includes the cheeks and lips.
• Internal, including tongue, jaw, teeth.
• The space between both walls is filled with dental holes, from which teeth grow. It is interesting that the alveoli appear together with the growth of the tooth and completely disappear after its fallout. They are part of the jaw, and from above are covered with a cortical layer. In the x-ray image, it is a dense line that differs from spongy tissue.

Pathology of the appendage

Correction of the alveolar process may be necessary in the event that this part of the jaw has undergone pathological changes. Among them are the following:

1. Atrophy. It happens for various reasons. If the doctor has determined atrophy, then before the correction, he must also perform alveoloplasty, the methods of which can be diverse. The need for such a process consists in increasing the amount of bone tissue in a place where an operation will be performed in the future. Atrophy requires implantation.
2. Wrong development. In some patients, physicians observe too large alveolar processes. In this case, their size is reduced only during surgical intervention.
3. Fractures of the alveolar process. They can be complete, partial and comminuted. Often this phenomenon is associated with a fracture of the teeth. Symptoms of the disease are bleeding, swelling of the affected area, swelling of the cheek, unbearable pain.

Diseases

Alveolar process is subjected to various diseases, as a result of which its correction may be required. Consider the diseases in which a doctor can prescribe implantation:

• Partial destruction of the process.
• Defects resulting from various injuries. In addition, they can become a consequence of the removal of the tumor, if the patient had once had it.

How does the correction work?

Correction is carried out in the case when the alveolar process has been deformed. It occurs both on the lower and upper jaw. Do it with the help of alveoplasty or other methods.

In some cases, the process is tuberous narrow and uneven. At the same time, the biomaterial used is placed simultaneously over the bony surface and above it. Due to this, the doctor can give the bone the necessary shape. During the correction, you may also need a dissection of the periosteum and incision of the mucosa of the appendage. After that, the doctor prepares the bone (gives it the right shape), and then puts the material used for implantation. The edges of the periosteum are sewn together to form a more regular shape. The whole procedure is carried out under local anesthesia. In addition, the doctor can remove excess, strands, overhanging edges. Reconstruction will occur without complications, if before and after the operation the patient will adhere to all the recommendations of his attending physician.

Methods of alveoloplasty

The human jaw is a part of the body that is hard to handle. After all, for a favorable result, you need to maximally expand the patient's mouth, so some difficulties may arise during the work. Alveoloplasty occurs under the influence of anesthesia, because this process is quite painful. In total there are four ways of performing the procedure:

1. Performing correction inside the bone. However, the doctor can not immediately begin to plastic, because at first he must make a vertical osteotomy, as well as a transposition of the bone walls.
2. Realization of reconstruction by cutting the crest of the appendage.
3. Also, plastic can occur on the surface of bone marrow. It is done in the overlay.
4. Osteotomy. It is performed by a surgeon by breaking the walls. The resulting space as a result of the operation is filled with a special biomaterial.

Thus, all four methods are implemented in different ways. However, their common goal is to increase the bone tissue in that part of the jaw where surgical treatment will subsequently take place.

What is augmentation and why is it needed?

Augmentation is a method of building a jaw bone. First of all, the height of the deformed lower part increases. This is due to bone blocks, as well as the implantation of artificial bone. This method is applicable in cases where the patient lost his teeth, which led to resorption of the bone.

The process is performed in several stages. First, the surgeon must provide access to the bone socket of the tooth that was lost. It is filled with a special artificial bone preparation. After that, the doctor sutures the wound. Integration of bone tissue can occur from one to several months. All this time the patient should be under the strict supervision of the doctor. If there are any complications, it may take another operation. If the bone tissue has a height of less than 10 mm, during implantation the nerve, which is located in the lower well, can be slightly atrophied. To prevent this from happening, the doctor must perform his transposition.

What happens after the correction?

After the correction of the alveolar process has occurred, it is not recommended to overload the human jaw. The entire first week after the operation, you need to go to your doctor who will apply the periodontal bandage. After some time, a kappa is applied. Implantation of the teeth can be carried out not less than six months after plasty.

Thus, correction of the alveolar process is an unavoidable procedure if there is a need for implantation of the teeth. The process occurs quickly enough under local anesthesia. But in order not to cause complications, the patient should be for some time under the supervision of a doctor.