Connections are separable: photo, drawing, examples, installation. Types of detachable and non-detachable connections

In machine building and instrument making, not only the parts used in production, but also their connections play a very important role. It would seem that everything should be extremely simple, but in fact, if you go into this topic, you can find that there are a huge number of different compounds, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages.

In this article, you will describe the connectors are detachable - you will learn about exactly what they are, where they are applied. Also, they will be compared with all-in-one connections.

At the moment, you hardly imagine what all this means at all, so do not immediately plunge into not the most simple nuances. Before considering in detail the connections are detachable, you should understand what they are in general, that is, to understand the basic classification of these parts in the production.

Classification of compounds

If you take all kinds of connections, then they fall into two main groups:

• Fixed;
• Mobile.

It is easy to understand that if the connection belongs to the first group, then it means that the two parts with its help are held together so that they are static with respect to each other and do not move. They can move as a whole in the mechanism, but they are fixed together tightly.

As for the second group, we are talking about a fastening that allows two parts to move relative to each other in the process of the mechanism while remaining connected.

Mobile connections are already divided into detachable and one-piece. The first subgroup describes those that can be opened at any time in any way, while the second group includes those that can only be destroyed - with the use of force, but without the possibility of restoring the connection. Most often, such compounds function until they wear out, after which they are simply replaced.

But it's time to return to the first large group - fixed connections. There are also two subgroups - split and one-piece connections. In principle, there is no sense in repeating their description, since it remains the same as in the case of mobile connections.

Now that you have read the basic classification, it's time to focus on the main topic of the article. Connector connectors will be described in as much detail as possible, indicating all the major types that can be found in production.

Threaded connection

Types of detachable connections are numerous, but among them the most famous for all, most likely, will be threaded. Even if you are not working in production, you have definitely ever used a bolt or screw to attach a chair leg or some other detail.

This type of connection is characterized by the presence of a thread, which provides fasteners, and, if necessary, the parts can be disconnected - that is why this type refers to detachable. The thread group can be divided into 2 subgroups, which differ slightly from each other:

1. One kind of such a connection may imply the use of two parts, each of which has a corresponding thread, thereby securing the bond. However, this option is not always used.
2. In everyday life, you are most likely faced with the second option, when two parts are fastened together by an additional threaded element, such as a bolt, screw or hairpin.

Advantages of this species is very much - it is considered reliable, used universally, is universal, the parts in it are interchangeable, and also it is high-tech.

But there are, of course, disadvantages - for example, such a connection under certain conditions can unwind, so that it constantly needs to be controlled. Also, the holes for fastening cause the concentration of voltage in one section, which can lead to overload. And, of course, such a connection does not provide tightness. All this would be bad if this species was the only one, but, fortunately, there are other types of detachable joints, which will now be discussed.

Pin connection

What else are the plug-in connections? Photos in thematic books and magazines always show basically the threaded version, since it is the most popular and widespread. But there is still no less popular - pin. It differs from the previous one in that it does not have a thread.

A pin is a part that is tightly inserted into the hole passing through both parts that you need to secure. As a result, they remain in one place and securely attached to each other. If you find it difficult to imagine the described option in engineering, you can imagine something more ordinary - for example, a visit to the dentist. There are also special pins that are inserted into the gum, and then a seal or crown is implanted on them. As you can see, examples of detachable connections can be found absolutely in all spheres of life.

Key connection

This is the first type of connection in the list that is mobile. Most often it is used to transfer rotational motion. How does it function? Mounting of plug-in connections of this type is quite simple - there is a shaft for transferring the rotation, in which there is a groove, where you can insert a key. On the hub, to which the shaft joins, there is a groove into which the key enters, which ensures the transfer of rotation.

Everything is extremely simple and effective - moreover, one can hardly imagine a connection that is easier to install and dismantle. And more pluses in the piggy bank adds low cost. But it is not difficult to guess that the grooves with the keys weaken the overall strength of the entire structure, and also generates an excessive concentration of stresses.

But in general, this connection is also very common, and you will find it in many mechanisms. So if you are asked about which connections are split, then you can safely call those you have already learned about from this article - they are the most popular ones. But do not think that this is the end of the transfer - there are still a lot of different kinds of connections waiting for you, which are used everywhere in the production and even in everyday life.

Splined connection

The splined connection is also called serrated, as the contact and fixing of the parts in it is carried out by means of teeth located along the length of the shaft, while in the shrouded part there are grooves for all these teeth. The main advantage of this type is its great strength, but special attention should be paid to the fact that with such a connection, the shaft remains able to move along the entire length, surrounding the parts if necessary. In many respects this is the difference between detachable and non-detachable connections. The drawing of such fasteners is always performed quite simply, so everyone can calmly deal with it.

Only such fastening can rarely be found in everyday life, most often it is observed in engineering and other types of production. The spline connection has a wide classification, which includes the division into groups:

• Shaped teeth;
• By what the load through them is transmitted by the shroud;
• On centering the mating parts;
• By mobility, and so on.

As you can see, this is one of the clearest examples of the fact that some types of detachable joints can relate directly to two large groups, that is, both mobile and stationary.

Bayonet connection

You have already learned that a joint is detachable, which allows you to detach parts that are held together when necessary. The bayonet connection is also detachable, and it can be found quite often.

It looks unusual - one piece has a protrusion, and the other has a special groove, in which the ledge does not just come in, it is fixed by pressing and turning, which makes the connection much more durable. Areas of application of bayonets are very diverse - from mechanical engineering and electronics, to kitchen appliances and cameras. So there is a fairly high probability that you have already encountered such a version of fasteners.

Clamp connections

Connector connections include terminal - they serve to connect the shaft to the hub, but this process is quite unusual. The point is that the hub has one or two cuts into which a bolt or other fastening element is inserted. When it is secured, the hub is pulled together, tightly pressing against the shaft inside it. This is a fairly simple connection, which is used quite often in many areas of activity.

Particularly worth noting is the fact that in most cases, such connections used for fastening the shaft and hub, such as keyed or slotted, allow you to fasten parts exclusively coaxially. However, the terminal type allows you to connect them at different angles, and also mount on any part of the shaft. A drawing of a detachable connection of this type necessarily includes the designations of all these important points.

Conical connection

This type of connection also uses a tightening as the main binding force, as the previous one. However, this time a slightly different approach is used. The principle of its operation is difficult to explain in words, since the hub in this case is a relatively complex mechanism with several built-in elements that, when the key is turned in the holes made specially for this purpose in the hub, narrow the main hole into which the shaft is inserted.

If this explanation does not seem understandable to you, then the easiest way is to imagine an old drill with replaceable drills - it uses just such a conical fastener. You insert a special key, bend the fastening elements to the sides, insert the desired drill and fasten it by turning the key again. However, this connection is used not only in drills, but also in many mechanisms in production.

Profile connection

Well, the last popular plug-in connection is profile. It differs from all previous ones in that it does not have a key, no teeth, no threads, no other fixing elements. The fact is that the details in this case are attached by combining them with each other so that as a result they form a common unbreakable surface. Simply put, they are attached so as to fit snugly together, while forming a strong connection.

Its main advantage is the incredible simplicity and total absence of any external elements, which cause in other types of attachment an excessive concentration of voltage. But this type of connection has its drawbacks, such as high contact stress or a large force spread.

Earlier we said that this article will describe the types of detachable and one-piece connections. And although the first ones were mentioned as the main topic of the material, we still need to consider the main, most popular, all-in-one fasteners.

All-in-one connections

Connections that can not be disconnected with or without the use of tools are not that many. First of all, it is worth noting the welded joint, which is used almost everywhere in production. Everyone can imagine a welding process for which a special device is used, which strongly warms the metal of both parts at the attachment point. Then, during cooling, this metal is mixed, forming a weld seam, which can not already be disconnected simply by destroying it.

Another type that functions quite similar to the first one is soldering. To create a solder joint, you also need a special device - a soldering iron. It supplies a special material to the attachment point, and this material has a lower melting point, whereby the parts remain intact, but they are joined together by this material. This method is used when parts can not be deformed, modified, that is, welding is not suitable for them.

If we are not talking about working with metal, then glued joint is often used - this kind is known to absolutely all people, since you, most likely, used glue at least once in your life to connect two parts to get a single immovable whole. Precisely the same thing happens in production, only on a much larger scale.

Well, another one-piece connection, which is worth mentioning - it's fastening with rivets. This species is used quite rarely and was popular earlier. Its essence lies in the fact that prepared in the details of the holes are also inserted prepared in advance fasteners, which are called riveting. Then there is a process of riveting - the riveting is processed in such a way that they firmly connect the parts together, and it was already impossible to separate them. However, you can imagine how costly and laborious this process was. That is why now the clamp joint is used extremely rarely, and rivets in the modern world can be seen more often as decorative ornaments on shoes, clothes and so on.

That's all the main types of production connections - both detachable and all-in-one. Of course, there are a lot more of them - especially if we talk about obsolete types, which are practically not used now. Also there are those fasteners that are not very common, are used in a particular area and are not particularly popular to mention them separately. But it can be safely said that even this number of connections is enough to enable the company to choose exactly the one that would be most suitable for a given task and would give maximum strength and perfect fulfillment of all requirements.