HealthDiseases and Conditions

Congestive gastropathy: causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

If to reflect, then all people on the planet had or have problems with digestion. Many do not even guess that a "bomb" ripens in their bodies. Improper diet, non-compliance with diet and diet, negligence in cooking or too eccentric taste preferences may not prove to be the best in the future.

Congestive gastropathy: what is it? How to treat?

All the results of the inflammatory process in the stomach can be divided into two categories. These are familiar gastritis and gastropathies. When gastritis affects the gastric mucosa, it shows erosion and minor ulceration. In this case, a person experiences discomfort after taking too hot, hot or cold food. Everyone at least once in his life came across him, especially at a time when he was young and lived separately from his parents.

With gastropathy, there are no significant changes in the gastric mucosa. It shows small areas of inflammation - and only. However, this well-being is deceptive. At the cellular level, there is damage. The cells of the epithelium are destroyed, and their recovery is slow, compared with the norm.

Stagnant gastropathy is called a violation of the motility of the stomach and its passage through the digestive canal up to the small intestine.

Treatment of pathology includes drug therapy, the intake of vitamins, a certain diet and the rejection of bad habits. It is also recommended to lead a healthy lifestyle, including walking in the fresh air.

Prevalence

Doctors around the world register diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, and then reduce the information received into general statistics to know what measures to take to limit the incidence.

Stagnant gastropathy is a fairly frequent pathological process, even against the background of other nosologies. It occurs not only against the background of malnutrition, but also when taking certain medications, after prolonged stress, and also because of accidents and as a complication of other somatic diseases.

More than a quarter of patients taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, note pain in the stomach, the percentage of gastropathies after burns, injuries and surgical interventions already reaches eighty. Cirrhosis of the liver and hypertension also contribute to the common "boiler". And given that patients either do not pay attention to the symptoms, or hide them from their doctor, the statistics figures are greatly understated.

Etiology

Congestive gastropathy is caused by frequent and uncontrolled intake of nonselective NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs). They are prescribed often, as they have several positive effects: they reduce inflammation, reduce temperature and swelling, and remove pain. But patients must adhere to certain conditions, which they often ignore or consider unimportant.

The second cause of gastropathies can be called diseases of other systems and organs:

  • A pancreas tumor;
  • cirrhosis of the liver;
  • Portal hypertension.

Next in the ranking are accidents associated with the use of chemically active substances. The fourth place is permanent stress and head trauma. And only at the end of the list there are diseases of the digestive tract, such as reflux of bile or intestinal contents back into the stomach, antiperistaltic.

Risk factors

Stagnant gastropathy does not occur from scratch. It is always accompanied by actions or conditions that aggravate or provoke the effect of the etiological factor.

These include:

  • Frequent use of alcohol;
  • Great length of smoking;
  • Age over sixty years;
  • The presence of chronic diseases;
  • Presence in the stomach Helicobacter pylori (microorganism, causing one of the types of gastritis) ;
  • ulcer;
  • Prolonged uncontrolled drug intake.

Some of these factors a person is not able to control, but to develop a disease, you must have a combination of two or three items from the list.

Pathogenesis

Rough, hot or spicy food in large quantities falls into the stomach, which is not able to cope with this amount of work. Because of this, the area of the mucous layer increases, more folds appear, they become taller and thicker. Microcirculation and permeability of blood vessels increase, more mucus and hydrochloric acid are produced. The body is trying to cope with overloads.

The antral part of the stomach overstrains, which leads to a loose connection of the sphincter between the stomach and duodenum. Because of this, the contents of the small intestine along with the bile and enzymes of the pancreas get back into the stomach, causing burns and atrophy of the mucosa. This further complicates the process of digestion.

Symptoms

How does stagnant gastropathy manifest itself? Symptoms can manifest much later than the appearance of the disease itself. This is due to the fact that it takes time for the formation of gastropathy, and at first people do not notice any uncomfortable for themselves changes in the body.

In a later period, the entire set of dyspeptic phenomena manifests itself:

  • Nausea with vomiting, heartburn;
  • Decrease or lack of appetite;
  • weakness;
  • Feeling of heaviness in the stomach, pain with pressure;
  • Eructation and the appearance of yellow plaque on the tongue.

In neglected cases, when the patient stubbornly ignores the symptoms, gastropathy can manifest by the clinic of gastric bleeding.

Forms

Morphologically distinguish two forms of congestive gastropathy - this is an easy and severe degree. With a slight current on the mucosa, a mosaic pattern is found out of the folds and pathologically dilated vessels. In severe cases, except for this, there are still hemorrhages and inflammatory spots.

There is also gastropathy, which affects only the antral part of the stomach. It is located on the border with the duodenum, and the first is affected by reflux of the chyme. When there is stagnant processes in the stomach, the passage of food through the antral compartment slows down, which leads to souring or fermentation of food. This increases the acidity of the environment and damages the mucosa. A person feels pain at night, heartburn, nausea and vomiting.

Focal gastropathy manifests itself as areas of redness against a gastritis-altered gastric mucosa. In these places, ulcers may appear over time.

Diagnostics

Gastropathy of the stomach does not have specific symptoms. It imitates several diseases of the digestive tract at once, therefore at first glance it is impossible to understand what the problem is, even the most experienced doctor.

It all starts with a survey, setting the time for the onset of the first symptoms and collecting complaints. Then there is an examination and laboratory-instrumental diagnostics. First of all, the doctor appoints a general and detailed blood test, biochemical tests, bacteriological examination of the gastric environment to identify Helicobacter pylori. Characteristic signs are a decrease in hemoglobin and a platelet level.

Fibrogastroscopy is the gold standard in the diagnosis of gastropathies. It allows not only to examine the mucous membrane, but also to make a material intake for histological examination. A biopsy is taken from pathologically altered areas of the stomach.

If required, the patient is subjected to sonography of the abdominal organs, radiography, CT or MRI.

Complications

Congestive gastropathy in the antrum has a tendency to complications. The most frequent of these include bleeding from abnormally altered stomach vessels. Sometimes, this is the late and only symptom of the disease. More than half of patients diagnosed with "gastropathy" on fibrogastroscopy have ulcers, erosions and perforations.

The most dangerous complication is the development of the tumor process on the gastric mucosa. Since the mucosal repair process is disrupted, and the organ's defensive system works "for wear," the appearance of uncontrolled cell growth on the background of inflammation is possible.

Differential diagnostics

Stagnant gastropathy is an extremely complex diagnosis, despite the apparent abundance of symptoms. Since it mimics to other nosological forms found in the digestive tract. The most common among them are gastritis, gastric or duodenal ulcer, stenosis of the pylorus, insufficiency of the antrum sphincter, reflux disease and other more exotic diseases.

In order to make the right choice, the doctor prescribes fibrogastroduodenoscopy, bacterial examination, biopsy and other tests. Excluding all other options, only stagnant gastropathy remains.

Treatment

What can a patient with a diagnosis of "congestive gastropathy" do? Treatment begins with the identification of the etiologic factor and its elimination. If the lesion of the intestinal tube is secondary, it is advisable to direct all efforts to cure the primary pathology.

To directly stop the symptoms of gastropathy, proton pump inhibitors, histamine receptor blockers, antacids, antibiotics and microcirculation improvers are used. The main task of the doctor is to select a combination of drugs that would multiply their positive effects and neutralize side effects of each other.

Do not underestimate the role of maintenance therapy. The patient needs to prescribe vitamins of group B, especially B12, because if the digestive tract is disturbed, its quantity decreases dramatically. In addition, it is advisable to take vitamins C and K. In addition, the patient is advised to walk more in the fresh air, do gymnastics and strengthen the muscles of the abdominal press and diaphragm.

Nutrition with congestive gastropathy

For successful treatment, you must follow a diet. And this thesis must firmly take root in the patient's head, because the whole effect of drug treatment will come to naught if a person at the first signs of improvement returns to old eating habits.

From the diet, products that irritate the mucous are excluded: too hot food, spicy, smoked, salted and pickled. Food should be taken in small, small portions with breaks in two or three hours.

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