Concept and types of checks. Calculations by checks

Today, more and more popular is the notion of a check. With its help you can not only pay the bills, but also make payments for goods and services. More details about what types of checks there are, as well as the principle of their work, we will tell in this publication.

The general concept of checks and books

How wonderful to watch from the TV screen, when a wealthy foreign citizen pays for a hotel room or other services by check from a beautiful book. It's another matter that few people know about this concept. In particular, many confuse the details of the design of this operation. We, on our part, will try to shed light.

So, let's consider in more detail the concept, types of check and the general characteristic of the given system of calculation. The check form implies the use of certain securities that are at the disposal of the payer.

And all checks are stored in a special book. With its help, the check holder can pay in favor of the checkee for the amount indicated in it. It is noteworthy that only the financial institution in which the drawee has previously opened an account is the bank of the sender. It is with him in the future and will be written off the funds, but exactly the amount that is indicated in the check.

What information should the check contain?

Considering the types of checks in more detail, one can not help saying that the information they must contain. Thus, they contain the following information:

• Name of the document (variety of check);
• Amount to be paid;
• Information about the payer with the indication of his account number (it will be from here on that the payment will be made);
• Currency for payment;
• The place where the check was made and the date of its filling;
• Signature of the drawer.

It is noteworthy that in the absence of even one of the necessary items, the check loses its original value. More details about what kinds of bank checks are, we will tell further.

What are the checks?

In total, the types of checks can be divided into two large groups: transfer (order) and nominal. As a rule, on personal checks the name of the check holder is indicated. Transfer or order - in turn can be written out in favor of another person. In this case, if the amount on the check is paid in cash, then such securities are called cash or cash.

If in one of the graphs of the document there is a note "settlement", then it can not be received in cash. However, this amount can be written off by bank transfer. This procedure is performed from the account of the owner of the book. But to transfer money really only to the account of the bearer. Such operations are called calculated. And if the number of a specific account was specified when filling out the document, then the checkee has the right to transfer funds only to him.

In addition, checks are made (types of checks And a general concept about them can be found in our article) on the recipient. Unlike previous types of securities, these - are issued without indicating the checkee. Later, when the owner of the book decides to pay for any services or goods provided by an individual, he indicates the intended recipient in his payment list.

What are crossed, bearer and order checks?

In turn, types of bank checks can be divided into cross, bearer and order. Crossed securities are translated as crossed. It can have a slash (one or two) or an inscription. However, there are also cases when both the line and the inscription are used at the same time. Both cross-sellers and recipients can perform this crossing.

Crossing is special and common. In the first case, the name of the financial organization responsible for issuing the book is indicated on such securities. This means that it is the bank that is cashing in or paying for such a check, which was indicated during crossing. In the second case, the name of the credit institution is also mentioned, but a new note is added, the "bank". However, such types of settlement checks are not cashed. The amount indicated on them can only be transferred to the beneficiary's account. Of course, then they can be exchanged for domestic currency, but this will take time.

Do not confuse several identical concepts

In addition to securities, other information carriers that are similar in name only take part in the calculations. So, for example, cash points are found at retail outlets. They are a special receipt, printed on paper.

The most common types of checks in the store, supermarket and other points of sale of goods and services. As a rule, they are printed on a special tape coming from the cash register.

On such carrier the following information is indicated:

• name of shop;
• Address of the organization or branch;
• The price of the purchased product or service;
• Legal form of the organization;
• check number;
• Cashier's or seller's ID;
• The amount including taxes and fees (often also the amount received and the amount of the change delivered);
• Time of operation;
• E-mail address or website of the organization;
• Thank-you (Thank you for your purchase!).

However, these types of cash vouchers are issued after receiving cash from the customer or making payment by card. Sometimes they need to be presented in order to receive the already paid goods.

Varieties of cashier's checks: what they are?

Depending on their purpose, as well as the variety of goods and services, the types of cash vouchers are conditionally divided into: paper and electronic. In the first case, the customer receives a receipt printed on paper, and in the second case, only his electronic version.

By the way, when you receive an electronic form, you can always translate it into an alternative paper version. But for this, it must first be printed. You can actually receive a check in electronic form after payment by card or when using virtual currency in online stores.

What is a sales receipt?

In addition to the above, there are other types of commodity checks. In particular, they include paper carriers that private entrepreneurs use for reporting. In this case, we mean a blank of a sales receipt, which is an excellent addition to the cash document received earlier (a receipt). Usually it does not refer to the standard forms of strict reporting because it performs an auxiliary function. Nevertheless, it contains the following information:

• Name and version of the document;
• Contact details of the entrepreneur;
• INN;
• The date of receipt;
• Number of the form;
• Full list of goods and services;
• Amount;
• Signature and full details of the responsible person issuing the check.

It is noteworthy that such a document records information about each of the purchased goods and services (taking into account its cost and weight). For greater convenience, various types of transactions with checks are recorded in the appropriate accounting notebook or cash book.

What can you do with checks?

If we talk about standard securities placed in a book, then with their help you can pay for goods and services. Thanks to paper carriers, you can get the product or service, but only after they are fully paid. In addition, it is the cash register that will help to resolve the conflict situation, for example, if you purchased a defective product or a substandard item. Or there was some confusion with the price. And commodity checks help keep track of the number of goods sold and consider the final amount.

Kinds of checks in the Savings Bank

There are settlement checks in Sberbank. Here, money documents are used to certify the right to receive a certain amount (usually it varies between 10-100 000 rubles). They are issued in the name of the client, but only after making money to the account. It is noteworthy that no more than one check can be issued to a single name in a banking organization. If desired, this document can be rewritten to the name of another client. But in this case, the new owner receives all rights to it.

These types of checks Can:

• Pay in cash in favor of natural persons;
• Be used as payment for a good or service;
• Is used to confirm payment for the product or service.

In Sberbank earlier worked and so-called traveler's checks. We speak about them below.

What are "travel" or travel securities?

Another type of payment documents are traveler's checks. These securities are usually issued by travel agencies, banks, international monetary systems and other financial institutions. In fact, they are a kind of settlement documents that allow you to buy a particular service, a product. The owner of such a payment medium can be any individual. At the same time, when the purchase is made, the future holder of such a document is obliged to put his signature on it.

The situation with payment in Russia and abroad

Unlike most foreign countries in the Russian Federation, these types of payment are not common. However, they are still engaged in some financial institutions, for example, earlier it was Sberbank of Russia. At the moment, you can exchange and buy such payment documents in Sviaz-Bank, VTB Bank of Moscow and Bank Uralsib. It is noteworthy that some of them even organize some kind of shares with prizes, the purpose of which is to draw attention to a relatively new type of payment.

In banks working with securities, American Express payment instruments can be purchased. In this case, the denomination of such checks is from 50 to 500 US dollars and euro. The amount of commission for their purchase in this organization is charged within 0.5%. As a currency of exchange, domestic rubles or foreign banknotes are usually used.

Here lovers of these types of documents have the right to pay them. In this case, the required amount is written off the account of the check holder. True, you can pay this way only in duty free shops (duty free). In the rest, the documents can be actually exchanged for domestic or foreign currency at the current rate of the bank.

Such checks are very popular in America. Here with their help you can buy any goods and services. Therefore, going on a trip to the US, safely stock up on payment documents equivalent to local currency.

How to find banks for exchange and purchase?

In order to find a suitable organization where you can buy or exchange your traveler's checks, you need to go to the official Russian-language resource American Express aetclocator.com. Here you should set the appropriate parameters, based on which you can find the closest branch of the financial organization to you. For example, when choosing a country Russia and the city of Moscow, you can get a list of seven branches of Sviaz-Bank.

Similar information can be found on the website americanexpress.com, in advance, selecting the country and the preferred language of the interface.

Varieties and features of road tools

At the moment, the following types of traveler's checks are known:

• American Express and Visa Interpayment.
• CitiCorp.
• Thomas Cook Mastercard.

The most popular are American Express. They belong to the most famous company of the issuer, and are issued for the following type of foreign currency:

• Australian and American dollars;
• Saudi real;
• Pound sterling;
• Chinese yuan;
• The Canadian dollar;
• Euro;
• Japanese yen, and so on.

At the moment, only dollar and euro are operating in Russia. The rest are practically not popular. For the same reason, they are very few in turnover.

How to buy and it is difficult?

In order to purchase traveler's checks you need to come to the selected branch of the bank, specify the course and order documents of suitable denomination. At the same time from the documents you will need an internal or foreign passport. After receiving them, you must put your signature in the upper left corner. This action will help to avoid the trouble of losing or stealing your payment instruments. In other words, no one will use them except you. In confirmation of your purchase, as a rule, a receipt is issued. It describes the essence of the acquisition, the value, the amount spent and your contact information.

What are the advantages of road tools?

The use of traveler's checks is associated with a number of advantages. For example, these documents have no validity period. For this reason, they are often not only stored for years, but can even be handed down by inheritance.

The second advantage of using checks is the possibility of withdrawing a large amount of money abroad. In this case, no restrictions are assumed. Especially it is convenient when the ultimate goal of your trip is to purchase real estate or a vehicle. However, if the amount exceeds 10,000 dollars, it will be necessary to enter it into the customs declaration.

Moreover, checks are perfectly converted abroad. By exchanging them for local currency, you can seriously save money. In addition, the amount of commission for exchanging one security often does not exceed one dollar.

Is it safe to use?

Using traveler's checks is absolutely safe. Even if you lose at least one, the problem will be solved by the nearest representative of your bank. To return payment documents, you only need to present a receipt for payment or indicate the numbers of lost payment orders. And, of course, all travel documents are registered. Therefore, except for you, no one can use them.

Negative moments of use

Among the negative moments of using traveler's checks, it is possible to single out the fact that you will have to deal with cash in any case. It is them that you will receive as a change after the purchase you made. And the availability of cash abroad is always associated with certain risks, for example, loss or theft. And, of course, if you need to exchange your documents for a local currency, you will have to look for banks that perform such operations.

If we talk in general about checks, then their convenience is obvious. They allow you to simplify the process of obtaining goods or services, but at the same time are associated with certain nuances. In particular, in Russia you will still have to run around looking for outlets that accept them. The situation with credit cards is quite different. They are everywhere accepted, cashed and exchanged.