Autonomous house: project. Autonomous private house

Electricity supply of a private house, as well as the arrangement of a heating and sewerage system in it, if it is far from centralized communications, is a rather complicated task. However, modern technologies and equipment allow to solve it quite effectively.

The project of an autonomous house

Before embarking on the erection of a residential building, it is necessary to draw up his drawings indicating the methods of supplying all necessary communications. Comfortable self-contained house will only be if it has:

• electricity,
• gas,
• heating,
• water pipes,
• Sewerage.

About how exactly all these types of communications can be summed up in the event that the house is located far from the centralized engineering systems, and we will talk further.

Power supply

The most difficult thing is to make an autonomous house comfortable for living in the event that it is located away from the power line. There are three ways to ensure stable power supply of a building:

• Having installed a generator that runs on liquid fuel. The problem of providing buildings with electricity is such equipment decides very effectively. Having connected the pump and the boiler to the generator, it is possible to equip the house including a water pipeline with heating. The drawbacks of this method of powering a private house can be attributed only to a fairly high cost. Liquid fuel today is expensive, but it will need a lot. In addition, the generator will have to build a separate room with good sound insulation.
• Having installed a wind farm. This method is characterized by a high degree of economy. Pay for the electricity will not have a penny. However, the costs at the initial stage will be very large. It's not enough just to install a windmill. It will take more equipment to accumulate energy and convert DC to AC.
• Gathering a mini-hydropower plant. This method is good in the event that next to the house flowing river or a large stream.
• Having installed solar panels. In this case, you will not have to pay for electricity either. However, the cost of such equipment will be very expensive.

Most often, houses in remote locations are electrified using generators. In the event that there are other buildings nearby, it makes sense for neighbors to fold and put up a wind generator, which provides all the houses with electricity at once. Mini-hydropower plants and solar panels are practically not used in our country.

How to choose a generator for home

The autonomous power supply of a building erected in a remote location is usually arranged taking into account the following recommendations:

• If the building is located next to the power line, but the electricity supply is irregular, it is advisable to use a gasoline generator. Such models are usually not too expensive, but the resource is somewhat limited.
• Completely autonomous power supply is usually arranged using a diesel generator. This is a very productive equipment, designed for long-term operation.
• The power of the generator is determined by adding the capacities of all consumers plus a 15-20% margin. In small holiday homes, gasoline models up to 2 kW are usually used to provide emergency power supplies. For a residential building, diesel generators with a capacity of 30 kW or more are more often chosen. This equipment is able to provide a country house with electricity without interruption.

Features of gasoline and diesel generators

Petrol autonomous power stations for the house can be designed for 500 or 1500 hours of operation. On this indicator, diesel models are much inferior. The market also has professional equipment of this type, designed for 3000 hours of operation. But these generators are quite expensive.

Diesel models are reliable and have a long service life. The only inconvenience arising from their use is the need to run at full load every 100 hours. The fact is that this kind of equipment does not transfer particularly well at idle.

Wind farms

In the design of autonomous stations of this type are usually such elements:

• Blades, rotor and generator, mounted on the mast.
• Rechargeable batteries with charge controller.
• Inverter for current conversion.
• The electric drive for orientation follows the direction of the wind.
• A sensor that monitors the movement of air masses.
• Emergency stop system (used in the storm wind).
• Automatic switch to diesel generator or centralized power supply system.

How to choose

The efficiency of the wind generator depends on two main factors: wind speed and blade area. For example, with 1 m ^{2 of the} receiving device at a speed of movement of air masses of 3 m / s, it is possible to obtain about 6.5 W of energy, at 21 m / s - 2.2 kW. For a small country house usually choose a plant capacity of not more than 0.1-2 kW. For a residential building, equipment of at least 20 kW, using an electric boiler, will be required. An autonomous house, whose design provides for gas heating, solid fuel or liquid fuel, is usually electrified from a wind generator with a capacity of 5 kW. Such equipment will be quite sufficient for the uninterrupted operation of basic household appliances - a refrigerator, a TV, a computer, a washing machine, etc.

Autonomous gasification

To ensure that living in the country is comfortable, of course, you need not only to provide an autonomous house with electricity. The building must also be gasified. If it is enough for the stove to buy a can and refill it every 3 months, much more complicated equipment will have to be purchased to equip the heating system.

Large reservoirs are called, with the use of which the autonomous gas heating of the house, gas tanks, is arranged. They are usually filled with a mixture of propane and butane and are designed for pressure up to 1.6 MPa. The sizes of such containers can vary from 2700 to 20 000 m ³ . For a private house with an area of 200 m ^{3, the} use of a gas-holder of minimum volume is quite sufficient.

Registration of connection

Independently this equipment can not be installed. You need to contact a private or regional gas company. In the first case, the cost of work will be slightly higher. The fact is that the autonomous gasification of the house is possible only after obtaining various kinds of permits. Private firms usually take care of and collect all the necessary documentation. When you turn to the regional company, you have to go to the authorities yourself.

Under the gasholder, a pit of the appropriate size is excavated. The tank is mounted on a metal base. To the house a trench is digged from it and a highway is being built. Testing measures are performed before the equipment is put into operation in the presence of Rostekhnadzor representatives.

Heating

An autonomous country house can be heated in many ways. Usually the installation of a heating system in a residential building in the absence of centralized engineering systems includes the following steps:

• Boiler installation. At present, both electric and gas are produced, as well as solid fuel and liquid fuels of this equipment. The first option is chosen in the presence of a wind generator of sufficient power. To the tank with propane and butane, respectively, a gas boiler is connected. In all other cases solid-fuel or liquid-fuel boilers are used. The first variety is more economical. The equipment, which works on liquid fuel, is more convenient in operation.
• Installation of highways. At present, self-heating at home is usually arranged using polypropylene, steel or metal-plastic pipes.
• Installation and connection of batteries. The most popular variety at the moment are bimetallic radiators. Also sometimes several cheaper and less durable aluminum models are used.
• Expansion tank installation. Depending on the design, it is located either next to the boiler, or in the attic of the building.
• Installation of the circulation pump. It is put on bypass on the return pipe in the immediate vicinity of the boiler. Before the pump is placed a filter for cleaning the coolant.
• Setting the security group.
• Crimping and starting.

Today, an autonomous house located far from centralized engineering systems is most often heated using liquid fuel boilers. However, since this type of equipment is quite costly, gas installations operating from tanks, as well as electric models operating from large wind turbines, have recently gained increasing popularity.

Water pipes

To date, only two types of heating boilers are available - single-circuit and double-circuit. For a house located in a remote location, the second option is most appropriate. When using a double-circuit boiler in the house, you can arrange not only heating, but also a full-fledged water supply.

Drilling a well is usually trusted by a company specializing in this. The cost of their services depends on the depth of occurrence of the groundwater. For economy it is necessary to pre-order the holding in the territory of geodetic survey. To the house the water pipe is brought along the trench to a depth not exceeding the freezing level of the ground. Internal wiring is performed according to the project with the connection of the main line under the hot water to the boiler.

Autonomous sewage system

If power lines and even gas mains are available in almost any settlement, then most people in remote settlements do not dream of sewerage. With the need for a system such as autonomous sewerage in a private house, almost all owners of suburban real estate are facing. Build it as follows:

• The central riser is mounted. In a single-story house its installation is not necessary, but it is desirable.
• At a distance of not less than 5 and not more than 15 meters from the house a pit is excavated and a septic tank is installed.
• From him to the building is digging a line below the freezing level of the soil. The trench must have a slope of at least 3 cm per running meter.
• Most often, autonomous sewerage in a private house is assembled using polyethylene, polypropylene or metal-plastic pipes. Before laying them, the bottom of the trench is laid with crushed stone. Pour the pipes first with sand and then with earth. The knee of the sewage system can only be arranged at an obtuse angle.
• The wiring within the house is performed in compliance with the standards of SNIP. Do not place the toilet above the kitchen or living quarters. The distance between plumbing fixtures should not be less than 25 cm. The toilet is located in the immediate vicinity of the riser. The further it is installed, the greater the probability of clogging. Washing machines and dishwashers are connected to the lounger by means of flexible pipes. Under the bathroom and sink must be installed siphons.

Ready-made independent house: price

Today, if you want, you can not only order a project equipped with all necessary communications building. Some construction companies are selling and already fully prepared country homes. Most often, these are prefabricated block or modular frame-panel structures. Such houses are quite expensive. Depending on the types of equipment used and the size of the building itself, the price can vary between 1-3 million rubles and more.