Austrian classics. Great Austrian composers

Austria has a rich cultural past and present. Its inhabitants revere their traditions, hold many festivals and other events. Austrian classics made a great contribution to the development of the culture of mankind. The musical world of this country is especially famous. However, there are very popular names in the field of literature.

Writers and poets of the 19th century: a list

• Adalbert Shtifter.
• Johann Nepomuk Nestroy.
• Carl Emil Franzos
• Ludwig Antsgruber.
• Leopold von Sacher-Masoch.
• Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach.
• Nikolaus Lenaou.
• Peter Rosegger.
• Ferdinand Raimund.
• Franz Grilparcer.
• Ferdinand von Zaar.
• Charles Silsfield.

Features of Austrian culture

Austrian poetry is original and unusual. It has its own unique language and style, special ways and means of conveying the meaning of life.

It was in the 19th century that Austria formed an internal ideological and moral unity of culture. Austrian classics of this century reached extraordinary heights in all spheres of art.

It is impossible to understand the culture of such an amazing country if you read or listen to the works of these creators superficially and indifferently. It is very important to understand their essence, deep meaning. Only then will the creations open with an amazing side.

If you "break through" the dryish and rough surface of Franz Grilparzer's poetry, you can get inside his world.

If we overcome the length of the descriptions of Adalbert Stifter, then every word will be perceived as inexpressibly expressive and quiveringly subtle. A deep meaning is laid in the poetry of Georg Traklya. If we overcome the external incoherence of his lines, then this poet will become extremely interesting for many.

Austrian classics as if deliberately surround their world with a protective layer from the widespread in the 19th century (and not only) bad taste, candor and vulgarity.

A true creator will not abandon his work to the mercy of fate. It is easier for him to be misunderstood today. Let it happen later. But he does not want to be misunderstood at all.

Austrian literature of the 19th century

The 19th century for Austria is a "bourgeois" era. Especially in the second half of this century there is a split in the cultural life of the country. The main direction is entertainment. It is not surprising, why the Viennese operetta conquers the whole world. In the second half of the 19th century, the concept of "Viennese folk theater" loses its former meaning. It is quite obvious that in such conditions literature arose on behalf of the people. It was literature, in which German and Slavic cultural elements were closely intertwined.

The Slavic theme was very disturbing to the writers of Austria. The historical tragedy "Happiness and the death of King Ottokar" is an outstanding work of his time. It was written by the Austrian writer Franz Grilpartser. He also owns a remarkable drama "Libuša". In the works of Adalbert Stifter, the Slavic theme occupies a weighty place.

Maria von Ebner-Eschenbach is another outstanding writer. To the Slavs, it had a direct relationship: it originated from the aristocratic family of Dubski.

The great writers of Austria in such a difficult time dreamed of friendship and peace between nations. All this was directly reflected in their excellent works.

Brief information about the Austrian poets

The Austrian poets made a great contribution to the development of their country's culture. Their wonderful compositions are loved by those readers who understood and appreciated their work.

Georg Tracl (1887-1914) lived, as we see, very little. Only 27 years. He was born in Salzburg on February 3, 1887. Poems began to write from high school. He owns such plays: "The day of obedience," "Fata Morgana," "Mary Magdalene," "Land of Dreams." From 1910 to 1911 he served in the army. From 1912 he entered the literary community "Pan". A year later his first collection of poems was published. In 1914 he was drafted into the army. He saw with his own eyes all the horror of the war. His psyche could not stand it, and he committed suicide.

René Carl Maria Rilke lived in the years 1875-1926. Since 1894 his first stories have been published, as well as the collection "Life and Songs".

Two years later, his second collection, "Victims of Laram", was published. In 1897, he visited Venice, and then Berlin, in which he settled. Here he creates three more poetry collections. Great influence on him had the writer Lu Andreas-Salome. In 1899 he came to Russia. Here he met Leonid Pasternak, Ilya Repin, Leo Tolstoy, Boris Pasternak and many other artists.

Since 1901 he moved to Paris. Up until his death, he had corresponded with Marina Tsvetaeva, whom she had not met. He died in 1926.

Stefan Zweig

Writer Zweig Stefan (1881-1942) - an outstanding Austrian classic. He was born in Vienna. In 1905 he went to Paris. In 1906 he traveled to Italy, Spain, India, the USA, Cuba. In 1917-1918 he lived in Switzerland. After the war, settles near Salzburg. In 1901 his first book "Silver Strings" was published. He was friendly with such outstanding cultural figures as Rilke, Rolland, Mazerel, Rodin, Mann, Hesse, Wells and many others. During the war wrote an essay on Rolland - "The Conscience of Europe". The author became widely known for his novels "Amok", "Confusion of feelings", "Chess Novella". Zweig often created interesting biographies, masterfully worked with historical documents. In 1935 he wrote the book "The Triumph and the Tragedy of Erasmus of Rotterdam". February 22, 1942, took with his wife a large dose of sleeping pills and died. He categorically did not accept this world.

Composers of Austria

Austrian classical composers evoke in many people associations with whole lines of art. The list of the most talented composers and musicians of Austria is staggering by its scale. It:

• Franz Josef Haydn.
• Johann Nepomuk Hummel.
• Carl Dittersdorf.
• Simon Zechter.
• Leopold Mozart.
• Ignaz Holzbauer.
• Anselm Huttenbrenner.
• Carl Czerny.
• Johann Schenck.
• Anton Eberle.
• Franz Schubert.
• Wolfgang Mozart.
• Alban Berg.
• Anton Bruckner.
• Ignaz Bryull.
• Anton von Webern.
• Egon Welles.
• Hans Gale.
• German Grabner.
• Johann Nepomuk David.
• Franz von Supp.
• Fritz Kreisler.
• Wilhelm Kintsl.
• Josef Lanner.
• Joseph Messner.
• Felix Motl.
• Carl Miller.
• Sigismund Thalberg.
• Carl Rankle.
• Leo Fall.
• Carl Zeller.
• Arnold Schoenberg.
• Josef Strauss.
• Johann Strauss.
• Gustav Mahler.
• Hans Erich Apostel.
• Friedrich Wildgans.
• Franz Salmhofer.
• Ernst Kshenek.

Franz Josef Haydn

Austrian composer, the brightest representative of the Viennese classical school. He was subject to different genres. He wrote 104 symphonies, 83 quartets, 52 pianist sonatas, as well as in his legacy - oratorios, operas and masses. He was born on March 31, 1732 in Rowrow. Early mastered the game immediately on several instruments. In the period 1759-1761 gg. Served with Count Morcin, and then took the post of vice-bandmaster at the court of Prince Esterhazy. At the beginning of the service he composed mostly instrumental music. This triptych symphonies "Morning", "Noon", "Evening and Storm". In the late 1660's - early 1670's he wrote serious and dramatic symphonies. Particularly distinguished are "Complaint", "Funeral", "Stradal", "Farewell". During this period he wrote eighteen string quartets. Haydn Josef also wrote operas. The most famous are the "Apothecary", "Deceived infidelity", "Lunar World", "Remunerated loyalty", "Roland Paladin", "Armida". In 1787 he wrote six quartets. Researchers note that they were created under the influence of concerts by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. After the death of Prince Esterhazy (1790), Haydn received creative freedom and the opportunity to travel to other cities. In London, he created the last twelve symphonies. He died in Vienna on March 31, 1809.

Conclusion

Thus, the Austrian classics made a great contribution to the development of the culture of mankind. Austrian poetry is notable for its unusual language and style. In order to understand the culture of this wonderful country, read or listen to the works of art of its classics, you need to think carefully and carefully, trying to catch their essence. And the creations will open from an unexpected side.