Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District: the capital, districts and cities

Severe northern edge - beautiful and distant. These definitions fully apply to the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. On this earth, surrounded by a pristine nature, according to the traditions of their ancestors, indigenous people live, and rich minerals are developed using modern technologies. Yamal always attracted travelers with its unique appearance. Here, in the most surprising way, combine the avarice of the sun and the uniqueness of nature, the severity of the climate and the hospitality of the locals, the fantastic palette of autumn and the silent whiteness of winter. Scientists like Yamal for its cultural wealth and unique nature. Therefore, by all means come to the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (the capital of Salekhard) in order to enjoy the purest air and see the beauty of the remote corners of our large country.

Geography

Russia is beautiful and rich: the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is a black pearl of the northern part of our country. And it occupies neither more nor less - 770 thousand square kilometers of the West Siberian Plain. The district includes: the Gydan Peninsula, the Taz Peninsula and, of course, the Yamal Peninsula. Most of the district is located behind the Arctic Circle. From the north, the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District is washed by the Kara Sea, it adjoins the Khanty-Mansiysk District from the south, the eastern neighbors - the Taimyr and Evenki Autonomous Districts, on the west it borders on the Arkhangelsk Region and the Republic of Komi. The relief of YaNAO can be divided into plain and mountain. All three peninsulas are dotted with small streams, hollows, ravines and swamps. The mountain range stretches for two hundred kilometers with a narrow strip along the Polar Urals. The climate of Yamal is sharply continental, severe, divided into three zones: the northern belt of the West Siberian lowland, the subarctic and the Arctic. The population is about 500 thousand people at a density of less than one person per square kilometer.

Flora

The vegetation cover in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District has a pronounced latitudinal zoning. There are five landscape zones: northern taiga, forest-tundra, shrub, moss-lichen and arctic tundra. In the northernmost, arctic zone, vegetation is very scarce. Here you can find only mosses, lichens and sedge. In the moss-lichen tundra, small bushes and mixed herbs already grow. In the next zone (shrub tundra) dwarf birch and willow grow, along the rivers - berries and mushrooms. There are many marshes and small rivers in the forest-tundra. Here, dwarf birch, larch, and small fir grow. In the southernmost zone of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District - the taiga, there are many lakes, marshes, rivers. The entire territory is covered with dense light and dark coniferous forests.

Fauna

If the plant world of YaNAO is scanty enough, then the animal world is rich and diverse. Thirty-eight species of mammals live in five climatic zones of the district. Most of them are predators and rodents - fourteen species. Five names of pinnipeds, three - insectivorous, two - ungulates. Twenty kinds of fur-bearing animals have important commercial importance.

Useful natural resources

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (the capital of Salekhard) is famous for its hydrocarbon reserves. Here, about 78% of the total reserves of Russian oil and gas are concentrated. YaNAO is the world's largest resource base for hydrocarbons. Developments for the extraction of valuable raw materials are carried out at the Nakhodkinsky and Urengoi gas, Ety-Purovsky, Yuzhno-Russkoye, Yamburgskoye oil fields. In YaNAO, about 8% of the total production of "black" and about 80% of "blue gold" is produced annually. In the Polar Urals, chromium, molybdenum, tin, iron, lead, phosphorites, barite and other minerals are mined.

Indigenous peoples of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

Now in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District there are twenty peoples. But the truly indigenous inhabitants are Khanty, Nenets, Selkup and Komi-Izhemtsi, who have lived in this territory since time immemorial. The rest settled only in the second half of the twentieth century. This is due to the development in the era of the Soviet Union of the Far North.

Khanty: this people from ancient times lived in the territories of the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Districts. The culture, language and customs of this people are very heterogeneous. This is due to the fact that the Khanty settled on a fairly large territory and therefore became somewhat scattered.

Nenets inhabit the vast territory of Russia - from the Taimyr Peninsula to the coast of the Arctic Ocean. This people migrated from Southern Siberia in the first millennium of our era. He refers to the Samoyed group.

It is known that the Komi people live in this territory from the I millennium BC. This people is divided into northern and southern Komi. The first from time immemorial were engaged in reindeer breeding, fishing and hunting. The latter were hunters and fishermen.

Selkups are the most numerous people of the North. Selkups traditionally engaged in fishing and hunting. Those representatives of the people who lived at higher latitudes, still bred deer.

Administrative center

The capital of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District is the city of Salekhard. It was located on the banks of the Ob (on the right side). The city is on the Arctic Circle (the only one in the world). The population is about 40 thousand people. The city was founded in 1595. At first it was a small fortress called Obdorskiy. Half a century after the founding, permanent residents appear here. Since 1923, the village of Obdorsk has become the center of the Obdorsk district of the Ural region. And already in 1930 the village was given the status of the administrative center of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. Three years later, Obdorsk was renamed Salekhard. Today the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, the capital of the AO in particular, is developing at a rather rapid pace. The city has a lot of enterprises: Yamalzoloto, river port, fish cannery, Yamalflot and others. The Yamal-Nenets Okrug Museum and Exhibition Complex was opened in the city, where an exhibition center, a museum of local lore and a scientific library operate. Back in Salekhard is the District Crafts House - the state budgetary establishment of the culture of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. In the capital of YaNAO, there are many branches of various universities. It should be noted that the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District (the capital of Salekhard) is experiencing great problems with access to the Internet. The fact is that the region does not yet have a fiber-optic network.

Cities and districts of the Yamalo-Nenetsk District

There are seven districts, eight cities, five urban-type settlements and forty-one rural administrations in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. Districts of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District: Yamal, Shuryshkarskiy, Tazovsky, Purovsky, Priuralsky, Nadym and Krasnoselkup. As mentioned above, the population density is very low. Despite the huge territory, there are very few cities in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District. Cities: Noyabrsk (97 thousand), Novy Urengoy (89,8 thousand), Nadym (45,2 thousand), Muravlenko (36,4 thousand), Salekhard (32,9 thousand), Labytnangi (26, 7 thousand), Gubkin (21.1 thousand inhabitants). Below, some cities of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District will be described in more detail.

Gubkinsky

The city of Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) in 1996 became a city of district importance and was named in honor of the Soviet geologist Gubkin Ivan Mikhailovich. It was located on the left bank of the Pyakupur River two hundred kilometers from the Arctic Circle. This city was formed as a base center for development of oil deposits. Because Gubkinsky (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District), mainly, specializes in oil and gas production and processing industry. The city is well placed to work with young people: there are sports and cultural centers, a dance school, there is a recording studio. Young people have the opportunity to get education in their native city.

Muravlenko. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area

The city was founded in 1984. The status of the district district was received in 1990. It was named in honor of the engineer-oil engineer Muravlenko Viktor Ivanovich. Basically the city budget is replenished at the expense of the enterprises of the oil-extracting industry. In Muravlenko (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) there are radio and television companies. The newspapers: "Our city", "Kopeyka", "The word of the oilman".

Noyabrsk. The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area

After Novy Urengoy, Noyabrsk is the second largest city in the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The date of the foundation of the city can be considered 1973, when the first oil well was drilled at the site of the present Noyabrsk. Two years later, the first settlers arrived here, who basically consisted of workers. Back in 1976, the village of Noyabrsk could be found only on maps of oil workers, and in 1982 the town was given the status of a district city. The oil and gas and fuel industries are very well developed. More than thirty companies work in this field.