Who is the issuer? This is the one who issues securities

The issuer may be, according to the definitions, a legal entity, a local government body , an executive body (having the right to issue securities and taking responsibility for them before their owners in order to exercise the rights assigned to them). Issuing securities for loans, issuers can become state and business entities. They may be an individual (as an individual entrepreneur) issuing debt bonds. Thus, the issuer is quite a large concept. If you formulate briefly - this is a subject that issues securities that fulfill obligations on them and is a resident of the Russian Federation.

The largest issuer is the state. It is represented by the Ministry of Finance. The securities issued to them are considered to be the most break-even, as it will always fulfill obligations on them. The risk of investing money is minimal, the yield is high, they have absolute liquidity. That is why the securities created by the state, occupy a leading position in the stock market in Russia.

Securities of high liquidity are issued by the republican and municipal authorities, as well as by non-state actors enjoying state support.

In the stock market, securities are commodities, the issuer is the seller. One of these products is shares. They are produced by large companies. When forming a joint stock company, it is possible to issue shares with a par value of ten thousand. The price for them all the time fluctuates, so you can not reliably say (about the majority of shares) that this is a reliable investment of money. The shares of the largest manufacturing organizations are most in demand. Such as Gazprom. Their exchange rate is stable, not subject to critical fluctuations.

Banks issue not only shares, but also savings certificates, bills of exchange and certificates of deposit. The central bank is engaged in the issuance of banknotes (a kind of credit securities). As a rule, most bank securities do not participate in trading on the stock market.

The list of issuers includes the management companies of mutual funds (unit investment funds), but they do not yet occupy a significant place in the securities market. Perhaps, with time the situation will change.

The number of securities issued by the issuer is limited. It is defined by the RF Law "On the Issue of Securities". Each organization that produces the emission must submit a report to the Federal Service for Financial Markets of Russia (FSFM). It is made in a certain form. The issuer's report contains the register of owners of securities, data on the entity itself and its controlling bodies. Information on the register is submitted once a year (until February 15).

Information on the issuer of securities (and its auditors) is provided by the FSFM in the form of a quarterly report. The report is published in the media, so that all shareholders can get acquainted with it. The issuer's quarterly report is regulated by the Regulation on disclosure of information by issuers issuing securities.

As we see, the issuer is not only a subject engaged in the issue of securities, but also a person who is responsible not only to their owners, but also to the state.