Primitive society in the form of family and clan existed in such a way that everyone provided himself and his loved ones with the necessary food, shelter, clothing and other goods. However, as the society developed, the division of labor took place . This phenomenon caused the quality of products, but inevitably led to a lack of any benefits for every person. So, for example, a butcher did not have cereals, and the one who grew wheat did not have pork. The exchange of goods helped to satisfy the needs of each of them . But for this operation, a certain amount of so-called superfluous products was needed, which would remain after everyone satisfied his needs in the things produced. That is, the butcher in order to exchange pork for other products, it was necessary to first provide yourself with meat in full, and then make with the remaining raw materials after that. This short digression into history highlighted the path of this phenomenon. Thus, earlier this word "commodity" had the meaning of surplus production. Now the products are made specifically for their exchange or sale. What is the product now? Let's try to understand.
Product Properties
What is a product? The easiest way to determine the meaning of an object is to describe its properties. The first quality of this phenomenon is the ability to exchange for other things. Thus, a commodity is any thing that is not limited in turnover. The second distinguishable property is the ability to satisfy any of the needs of people, that is, the utility for a person. Thus, it can be said that a commodity is a product of labor created for the benefit of society. And, finally, the third quality describes the purpose of producing things. After all, each product is created for its further sale or exchange. The realization of things involves obtaining a certain benefit. Consequently, the product of labor produced for sale is also a commodity. We sorted out the properties.
Product theories
In literature at present, there are two fundamental fundamental approaches to understanding the meaning of what a commodity is. The first theory, of course, is Marxist. This approach treats the product as a useful result of people's work activities, which is intended for sale. This definition takes into account the ability to satisfy such things with human needs, the goal of creating products and linking them to human labor. The second approach to understanding what the product is, provided the Austrian school of economics. Representatives of this concept call products produced for exchange, economic benefits. Thus, one more property of the goods stands out: its quantity is always limited in comparison with human needs. Hence, this approach takes into account the relationship between the need for good and its accessibility. No matter how many theories there are, the essence of this phenomenon is the same, but everyone looks at it from their point of view and on the basis of personal interests and priorities.