Self improvementPsychology

What is fear. Nature, symptoms and types of fear

All life, whether animal or human, is inherent in experiencing fear in certain situations. The first thing you want to do when we are afraid is to scream, run away, and so on. What is the nature of fear, and what kinds of fear can be distinguished? You will learn all this after reading this material.

What is fear?

It is an emotion that arises in situations where there is a threat to the social or biological existence of the individual, and is directed at the source of both real and imagined danger.

Functionally, fear is a warning about the onset of a dangerous situation. This feeling allows a person to focus on its source, epicenter, and prompts to find ways to avoid it. In the case when fear reaches the stage of affect (horror, panic), it imposes on us behavioral stereotypes such as numbness or, on the contrary, flight, screaming, defensive aggression.

Causes of fear

When we are afraid, our special hypothalamus begins to be allocated a special neurosecret, stimulating the pituitary gland to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone - that's what causes the fear syndrome.

What is fear: the symptoms of fear

This feeling affects both our psyche and the physical body, which can manifest itself in the form of lack of air, increased palpitation, trembling of the limbs, a sharp rise in blood sugar, dry mouth, etc. This emotion has a strong effect on all organs of our Organism and can lead to hypertensive crisis, ulcer, heart attack, stroke. In some individuals, the consequences of experienced fear are the following: rapid urination, urinary incontinence, diarrhea, or, conversely, constipation.

What is fear: the main types

It is customary to distinguish such types as real and neurotic (phobias and complexes). At the same time, the first is for the individuals something understandable and rational - this is the standard reaction to external danger. Real fear is an expression of the instinct of self-preservation inherent in us by nature itself. We are afraid of a man with a gun in his hand, we are afraid during a fire, etc. Fear gives us a signal - danger is close, get ready for flight or defense.

Neurotic fears can be both pointless, and, conversely, associated with specific objects, situations. It is customary to say that people who are afraid of something or someone specific (height, dogs, rats, enclosed spaces, fly on an airplane, swim) suffer from these or other phobias, of which there are many today. From the real this kind of fear differs not so much in manifestation as in intensity.

Non-objective (free) fears are our complexes with us, which can accompany us from childhood or appear due to certain life circumstances. Below we will consider in more detail what modern individuals are afraid of most often.

What is fear: the most common examples

1. Fear of self-surrender manifests itself when a person is revealed to someone and very much at the same time afraid to be misunderstood. For example, some people who already had some experience of unhappy love behind their shoulders can be closed for a long time for a new relationship, fearing that they will be betrayed, deceived, rejected.

2. Fear of death is inherent in one or another degree to each of us. True, for some people this feeling sometimes grows into a real phobia.

3. The fear of loneliness follows from the social needs of the individual in respecting, loving, appreciating. A person simply needs communication, in order to feel himself a full-fledged person. Of course, sometimes we want to be alone with ourselves, and loneliness here is very useful. But when it begins to be protracted and turns into isolation, this can lead to sociopathy and other mental problems.

4. Fear of change. Everything in our lives flows, everything changes. And we are afraid of this uncertainty, which the future implies. Very often the danger of the future is treated by man as a danger, since it entails a temporary, but a loss of stability.

5. Fear of obligations. We are afraid to lose our freedom, independence, and often perceive with hostility that it is necessary to depend on some surrounding people, things, the situation.

Above we listed only a few of the fears that are inherent in people to some extent. It should be understood that the negative meaning of this feeling is much wider than the positive one. Remember that many fears cause us to remain in constant nervous tension, generating uncertainty in our abilities and not allowing us to realize ourselves.

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