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What is agriculture? History of the origin of agriculture

Agriculture, being the most ancient type of human activity, developed quite unevenly in different countries.

What is agriculture?

Agriculture, which arose in the era of the primitive system, is a consequence of a long period of human development.

It began when people already knew how to hunt and collected wild fruits. Human labor began to be spent on the production of plants, on the allocation and reproduction of the most useful species, on a certain impact on them to adapt to their needs.

History of agriculture: the emergence, tools

The origin of agriculture occurred long ago, when people noticed that various grains of fruits or ears, having fallen on the soil (and loose), germinate and give fruit again. Then they came up with the idea that in this way you can grow food. Since then, they have become the seeds of edible plants to plant and grow.

For sowing, the most even sections of the earth were selected, and they were located closer to the water. People learned to loosen cleared land from weeds with peculiar hoes, after which they threw grains into this land. It was a hoeing kind of farming. After the ripening of the harvest, they collected it using a sickle consisting of an arched wooden or bone base (handle) into which sharp fragments of stones were inserted.

The emergence of agriculture contributed to the creation of newer and more convenient tools. After a certain time, people built a plow. At first it was just a pole with a sharp bough at its end. She was just attached to the bull team. With this tool it was possible to process more land, and still people noticed that the harvest from such a plowed field was higher than from the land treated by a hoe. The plow plowed more deeply, and the seeds planted deeper gave better shoots.

First grown plants

The first plants grown by humans were barley, wheat and millet. And their homeland is Front Asia (the peninsula of Asia Minor and the regions adjacent to it). It was in these places that the most ancient settlements of farmers were found. Their foundation occurred 10,000 years ago. Then, from these places, agriculture began to spread gradually throughout the world.

It can be concluded that such farming in those times when people already led a more sedentary way of life, contributed to the emergence of new inventions, more convenient and improved tools. Thanks to this process, the handicraft production of tools and various adaptations began to develop.

Development of agriculture by territories

A large number of archaeological and paleobotanical scientific studies indicate a link between the origin of agriculture in antiquity and the zones of mountain plateaus and valleys in the subtropical belt. The famous scientist NI Vavilov identified several very ancient centers of the origin of agriculture (VII-III millennium BC):

  1. The Ante-Asiatic (wheat, barley, etc.).
  2. The mountain and eastern valleys of China (wheat, rice, millet, etc.).
  3. Mexico (pepper, beans, etc.).
  4. The central part of Peru (pepper, pumpkin, cotton, beans, etc.).

What is agriculture in far-off America? There it arose entirely independently of other continent territories and, probably, is even more ancient.

The oldest in terms of the development of agricultural culture in the world are areas after Mexico: Peru, India, Bolivia, China, Egypt and Syria.

In Western Europe, the emergence of farming dates back to the V-IV millennium BC.

On the territory of the Russian and the territories adjacent to it, agriculture arose in the Stone Age. And the oldest centers are the regions of the entire Transcaucasia and Central Asia.

Conclusion

Having dealt with the question of what agriculture is, one can draw a conclusion: having mastered this kind of activity and cattle breeding, mankind gradually passed from the appropriating (as it was in ancient times) management to the producer - the process of improving tools for labor quickly went. And this contributed to the emergence of craft.

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