Types of crime

When considering the concept and types of crimes, it should be noted that all other categories of criminal law are directly related to them. After all, this concept is an important component and a key category of the Criminal Code.

Crime is a committed socially dangerous act, behavior that is prohibited by the current legislation and is under threat of punishment. Criminal behavior is behavior that causes significant harm, violates relationships in society. All offenses are grouped according to the encroachment of the criminal act according to the object of the crime. As a result of this, certain types of crimes are singled out and their general classification is under construction.

According to Article 15 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, four categories of crimes are distinguished, which depend on the nature and degree of the act committed - of minor gravity, of moderate severity, grave and especially grave. On this basis, and identify the main types of crime.

The crime is characterized by a number of common signs: a danger that threatens the public, criminal wrongfulness, guilt and punishability of the committed act. The presence of all of them characterizes the unlawful act as a crime.

Types of crimes:

• Against human life and posing a threat to his health - murder, deliberate infliction of harm to another person;
• Against honor, dignity and freedom of the person - slander, insult;
• Crimes against sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the person - rape, violence;
• Against human freedoms and its constitutional rights - violation of equality, secrecy of correspondence, labor protection, patent rights;
• Against minors - involvement in an offense, substitution, sale, purchase of a child, evasion of payment of alimony;
• Against own property - theft, fraud, robbery, extortion, robbery;
• Economic crimes - illegal business, obtaining a loan fraudulently, false advertising, smuggling, non-payment of taxes ;
• Against the security of society - terrorism, banditry, riots, hooliganism, vandalism, embezzlement;
• Against morality and public health - everything that in any way relates to narcotic drugs (sale, use, acquisition), the maintenance of brothels;
• Environmental crime - pollution of the atmosphere, waters, seas and lands, illegal hunting, cutting down trees, destruction and damage to forests, etc .;
• Against the operation of transport and traffic safety - violation of traffic rules, which led to the death of people or causing bodily harm, the issuance of defective funds;
• Against the security of the state and the constitutional system - state treason, terrorist act, espionage, sabotage, etc .;
• Against state power and service - abuse of authority, assignment of powers, bribery;
• Against justice - contempt of court, false testimony, unwillingness to testify, escape from prison, harboring a criminal;
• Military offenses - failure to comply with the order, violation of the statute, desertion, evasion from service;
• Against peace in the whole world and the security of mankind - planning wars, calls for war, the production and distribution of weapons, genocide, ecocide, mercenarism.

Types of objects of crime are classified horizontally and vertically.

The crime along the vertical distinguishes the common ordinary and immediate objects of the offense. They correlate with the categories of general, particular and individual.

Classification horizontally refers, above all, to complex crimes, which include two or more objects. In this case, the main and additional objects of unlawful action differ. This distinction is made by its relationship with the generic object of the criminal act, and not by the level of significance of the object. An additional object may be mandatory or optional.