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The play "The Cherry Orchard": the history of creation. "The Cherry Orchard", Chekhov

The great Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov is the author of unforgettable literary masterpieces. Such works for the stage as "The Seagull", "The Three Sisters", the play "The Cherry Orchard", have already been included in the repertoires of the theaters all over the world for over a hundred years and are enjoying constant success with the public. However, to convey the true Russian character character is not obtained in every foreign theater. The play "The Cherry Orchard" is the last work of Chekhov. The writer was going to continue his work on the field of theatrical art, but the disease prevented him.

"The Cherry Orchard", the history of the creation of the play

The dramaturgy of Russian theatrical art of the late 19th century was distinguished by the dedication of the authors. The writer Arkady Ostrovsky fruitfully worked until the last day. He died in 1886, at the age of 63, from nervous exhaustion. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, being already terminally ill, worked without leaving the office, creating his own unique masterpieces. Feelings, exacerbated by malaise, increased the artistic level of works.

The play "The Cherry Orchard" by the great Russian playwright Anton Pavlovich Chekhov, whose history of creation is associated with an unfavorable period in the life of the writer, was published in 1903. Before that, on the stage of the Moscow Art Theater, the drama "Three Sisters" was played, which had unprecedented success. Then Chekhov decided to start work on the next play. In a letter to his wife, actress Olga Leonardovna Knipper, he wrote: "... but the next play, which I will write, will certainly be funny ...".

Not at all fun

Could the last play of the writer he created before death itself become "ridiculous"? Hardly, but sad - yes. The drama "The Cherry Orchard", the story of whose creation is no less tragic than the play itself, became the quintessence of the whole short life of the great playwright. The characters in the work are written with high artistic certainty, and the events, although unfolding in a somewhat unexpected direction, do not contain any special intrigue. Approximately from the middle of the performance, a fatal inevitability is felt.

Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya

The history of the ruin of the manor of an elderly landowner evokes ambivalent feelings. Relative well-being of Lyubov Andreyevna Ranevskaya is beyond doubt, although this impression is reinforced only indirectly. Her estate is sold for debts, but there remains the possibility of returning to Paris. Ranevskaya parted with the cherry orchard, which is part of her life, but along with it the future of the elderly heroine loomed encouraging. The writer did not translate the episode of the acquisition of the estate by the merchant Lopakhin and the subsequent cutting of trees into a category of tragic despair. Although, of course, the knocking of an ax that cuts down trees is a blow to the fate of Ranevskaya and her family.

The play "The Cherry Orchard", whose history reflects the desire of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov to show as deeply as possible the costs of that time, reveals the ruin and neglect of the landed estates. Dying noblemen's estates, behind which stood the broken destinies of people, were shown by the writer with frightening frankness. The tragedy of the events taking place in the life of the inhabitants of noble nests is part of the Russian reality of that time, gloomy and unpredictable.

The result of all creative life

The play "The Cherry Orchard", whose characters are taken by a writer from life, is the last work of the playwright Chekhov. Her plot in some way intertwines with the life of the writer himself. At one time the family of Anton Pavlovich was forced to sell a house in Taganrog. A familiarity playwright with the landowner A.S. Kiselyov, the owner of the estate Babkino, located near Moscow, gave an opportunity to better understand the problems of impoverished nobility. Kiselev's estate was sold for debts, and the former landowner entered the service in one of the banks of Kaluga. Thus, Kiselev became the prototype of the character of Gayev. The remaining images in the play "The Cherry Orchard" were also taken from life. The characters of the work in question can be found anywhere. They are ordinary ordinary people.

Creativity and disease

The play "The Cherry Orchard", whose history of creation is associated with a painful discomfort and overcoming the disease, was written in a few months. The premiere took place on January 17, 1904, the birthday of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. The Moscow Art Theater honored its author. A seriously ill writer found strength in himself and arrived at the premiere. Nobody expected to see Chekhov in the theater, the spectators gave him an ovation, the whole artistic and literary Moscow gathered in the hall. Rakhmaninov and Shalyapin, Gorky and Bryusov - all the color of Moscow's creative beau monde honored Chekhov with his presence.

The play "The Cherry Orchard", characters and characters

Actors of the theatrical production of 1904:

  • The main character is the landowner Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya.
  • Her daughter, Anya, is 17 years old.
  • Brother Ranevskaya - Gaev Leonid Andreevich.
  • Foster daughter Lyubov Andreevna Varya, 24 years old.
  • Student - Trofimov Peter.
  • Landowner, neighbor - Boris Borisovich Pischik.
  • The merchant is Ermolai Alekseevich Lopakhin.
  • The governess is Charlotte Ivanovna.
  • The clerk is Epiphody Semyon Panteleevich.
  • The maid is Dunyasha.
  • The old lackey is Firs.
  • The young lackey is Yasha.
  • Postal official.
  • Passer-by.
  • Servant.
  • Guests.

The play "The Cherry Orchard" - a Chekhov masterpiece - was created in the last year of the writer's life, and therefore can rightfully be considered a farewell address of the great playwright to people.

Summary

The immortal play "The Cherry Orchard" by Chekhov became a worthy completion of the creative path of the writer and playwright. Here is its summary.

The estate of the landowner Ranevskaya with a magnificent cherry orchard should be sold for debts. Lubov Andreevna herself has been living abroad for the past five years with her daughter Anna, aged seventeen. Brother Ranevskaya (Gaev Leonid Andreevich) and Varya (Lyubov Andreevna's adopted daughter) live in an estate that can not be saved. Ranevskaya's affairs go bad badly - six years have passed since her husband died. Then a small son died (he drowned in the river). Then Lyubov Andreevna went abroad to somehow forget herself. I got a lover, who later had to take care of because of his illness.

Homecoming

And now, on the eve of the bidding, the owner of the estate, along with her daughter Anya, returns home. At the station travelers meet Leonid Andreevich and Varya. At home, they are waiting for the old acquaintance merchant Lopakhin and maid Dunyasha. Later the accountant Yepikhodov comes to report.

The carriage approaches the estate, the meeting is joyful, but everyone talks only about their own. Love Andreevna herself in tears walks through the rooms, recalls former years and on the move listens to the news. Dunyasha shares with the mistress of joy that Yepihodov has proposed to her.

Lyubov Andreevna stops to catch her breath, and then Lopakhin reminds her that the estate is about to be sold, but it can still be saved if the garden is cut down, and the land is given out in parts for rent to the summer residents. The thought is quite sensible, except for Ranevskaya's deep nostalgia for the past. Lopakhin's proposal terrifies her - how can you destroy the cherry orchard, because in it all her past life!

Family friend Lopakhin

Disappointed Lopakhin leaves, and instead appears Petya Trofimov - "eternal student", pimply young man, who used to be the teacher of Ranevskaya's son. He hangs around the living room without any sense. Gaev, left alone with Varya, begins to make plans about how to save the estate from ruin. He remembers his aunt in Yaroslavl, about whom no one has heard anything in the last fifteen years, but everyone knows that she is very rich. Leonid Andreevich offers to write her a letter with a bow.

Lopakhin returned. He again began to persuade Ranevskaya and her brother to give the property in rent, although they do not listen to him. Desperate to convince some of these "strange, not businesslike, frivolous" people, Lopakhin is about to bow out. Lyubov Andreevna asks him to stay, because "it's more fun with him." Petya took over the general attention and began to abuse the intelligentsia, who likes to philosophize, but treats people like cattle. Lopakhin manages to say a few words about how there are few decent people around. Then he is interrupted by Ranevskaya and reminds that soon the day of bidding.

The knock of an ax as the finale of all life

It comes on August 22 - the day on which the bidding is scheduled. On the eve of the evening, a ball is arranged in the estate, musicians are invited, food is ordered. But no one came, except the postal official and the station's head, but once on the parquet floor of the drawing room the generals and noblemen danced.

Ranevskaya talks with Petya Trofimov and admits to him that her life will lose its meaning if there is no cherry orchard. Then she shares her secret with the teacher: it turns out that every day she receives telegrams from Paris from her former lover, in which he begs her to come back tearfully. As they say, there is no thin without good. Petya condemns her for indulging "a nonentity, a petty villain." Ranevskaya angry, calls Petya "an eccentric, clean and boring." They are arguing.

Lopakhin and Gayev come and declare that the estate is sold, and that Lopakhin bought it. The merchant is happy, because he managed to decorate Deriganov himself at the auction, bypassing him for as much as ninety thousand rubles. And now Yermolay Lopakhin can cut down the cherry orchard, divide the land into plots and lease them to the summer residents. The sound of an ax can be heard.

The ruin of the landed estates

Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard, whose theme was so topical for the end of the 19th century, is distinguished by the most realistic reflection of events. The nobility lived on a broad foot, constantly borrowed money, and the pledge for a loan was always an estate. And it is only natural that it then went under the hammer. At Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna they cut down the cherry orchard, passing an ax in her soul. And the other landowners, ruined, committed suicide, and this happened quite often.

The characterization of the "Cherry Orchard" as a public theater play can be reduced to a short formulation: cherry orchards as a sense of someone's life are vulnerable and doomed to death in conditions of a high society and landowner's receipts.

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