Technical inspection of buildings and structures

Inspection of buildings and structures is a procedure for checking the structures for the actual technical condition and maintaining the operational properties. The assessment is conducted to monitor the condition and identify the need for repair or restoration work.

What is the difference between examination and examination?

Do not confuse the technical inspection of buildings and structures with the expertise of industrial safety of buildings. The latter is conducted at sites associated with hazardous production and is subject to compulsory registration in Rostekhnadzor. It can only be carried out by specialized organizations that have the appropriate license to carry out these works, issued by Rostechnadzor, and in accordance with certain regulatory documents. To them, first of all, the Federal Law "On Industrial Safety of Hazardous Production Facilities". The new edition of the rules for conducting the examination came into force on January 1, 2014. The results of technical expertise are subject to compulsory registration in Rostekhnadzor. Supervisory authorities oblige to conduct technical inspection of industrial facilities every 5 years.

The inspection of buildings is an independent check of the state of structures and engineering systems, conducted on a voluntary basis. In fact, it is the collection of information on the technical condition of the buildings at the moment to determine the need for repairs, the possibility of reconstruction or assessment of the market value of the facility.

When it is necessary to conduct a survey of buildings

The need for a survey can arise for various reasons. The acquisition of a structure in the property involves the imposition of a large sum. Preliminary examination of the building's condition will help to get an objective understanding of its technical condition and save from additional spending time and money in the future.

In this case it is possible to determine the degree of physical deterioration of the entire building or individual structural elements and to establish the actual value of the object.

Inspection of an unfinished or fire damaged facility

When purchasing an unfinished object it is advisable to conduct a thorough examination of the building's condition in order to determine the further work front. After the audit, it will be clear whether the building needs repair and to what extent, is it necessary to reconstruct, or cheaper and easier to demolish it and build a new one.

Checking the condition of the building will adequately assess the possibility and need for adjustment or repair. For example, a fairly common practice of buying a house after a fire in some cases may require a survey of the condition of the building to determine the adequate price and the appropriateness of carrying out reconstruction work.

Technical inspection of buildings and structures will help in planning the reconstruction of an unfinished or fire-damaged facility. It will give an objective assessment of the state of load-bearing structures, their supporting resource and stability.

Inspection before repair or reconstruction

When planning the reconstruction, upgrading the building or performing major repairs, it is recommended to conduct a survey of the building's structures. The need for this procedure is dictated by the specifics of the design of the project for carrying out these works.

Designing a new building is an easier task than planning a work with an existing object. In this case, the inspection and technical inspection of buildings and structures is carried out in order to determine what structural elements of the building need to be replaced or strengthened, what changes will be made in the layout of the premises.

When designing, you can change the functional purpose of the object, expand or reduce the area depending on the wishes of the owner. Technical inspection of buildings will make it possible to determine the level of permissible increase in loads on load-bearing structures during re-planning or building superstructure.

Renewal of construction and installation work after a long break also requires a preliminary survey to determine the current state of the building and determine the appropriateness of continuing work.

Deformation and damage to structures - an occasion for examination

The appearance of defects or damages in structures, the occurrence of deformation changes during the operation of the building is the basis for a thorough survey.

Building inspection of buildings is carried out to identify design deficiencies, violations of construction norms and performance of substandard work. In this case, it is possible to detect marriage, hidden flaws, use of poor-quality materials.

The survey will help identify the perpetrators of the damage caused to the buildings. Damage can result from the fact that the design or construction work was carried out illiterately or negligently, fire or flooding occurred, in a neighboring room or building, global repairs were carried out, resulting, for example, in the deformation of the ground base. Qualitatively conducted survey will provide an opportunity to identify the extent of damage, recover money through the court, determine the possibility of further operation of the building.

The survey is necessary for buildings damaged by natural or man-made disasters. It will provide an opportunity to assess the condition of the structure, the possibility of its further use, the need and scope of repair and restoration work.

Survey of buildings - stages of holding

A full survey of buildings and structures includes three interrelated stages: preparation, visual inspection and a detailed examination. In some cases, it is sufficient to hold the first two stages, since the latter involves the use of special equipment and, therefore, additional cash costs. The need for a detailed survey is determined by a specialist and assigned if the visual inspection could not fully identify all the problems.

To inspect the structure more thoroughly and efficiently, a thermal imager is used - a special diagnostic equipment that captures the change in the temperature level. With its help you can detect hidden from the eye defects, perform an analysis of faults in the structure of the building. The action of this device is based on fixing the image in infrared rays.

Preparation for inspection of the building

In the course of preparation, the specialist conducts acquaintance with the object itself, the design and executive documentation and all available records of previously conducted repair or reconstruction works, as well as previous surveys. The study of documents allows you to obtain information about the time of design and construction, erection technologies, materials used, possible deviations and changes in the project, data on operating conditions and the defects that appeared during its defects and damages. In the absence of the necessary documentation, measurements are taken and a drawing is created. On the basis of the received technical task the program of works is made.

Preliminary examination and detailed examination

Visual inspection includes inspection of the entire building and individual structural elements. At the same time, measuring instruments and instruments are used. A description of the identified problems with recommendations for their elimination is compiled.

If during the visual inspection significant damages are revealed that reduce the strength of the structure and individual elements, or if it is impossible to fully study the structures, a detailed examination is recommended. For him, special equipment is used, samples of building materials for laboratory testing are taken.

When the technical inspection of the buildings is completed, a technical conclusion is drawn up that contains all the data and results of the survey, recommendations for addressing the identified problems, and possible options for strengthening the structure.