Technical characteristics of the tractor T-150, advantages and disadvantages

Founded during the inception of the Soviet Union, the Kharkov Tractor Plant is a true legend of the Soviet, and now of the Ukrainian, machine-building industry. This plant not only did not lose its competitiveness, but it was completely modernized and now occupies one of the main places in European tractor construction. Since 1931 on the basis of it was released a huge number of very different machines, which later became the foremost. These samples are still used in agriculture today.

History of the model

Now it's worth returning to the past. November 25, 1983 Kharkov tractor plant produces the most famous and widely in demand tractor. These are caterpillar and wheeled models of the T-150. Wheel modification was marked T-150K. And then, and now these machines are considered to be one of the most efficient and productive aggregates on caterpillars.

By design, the T-150 tractor is caterpillar, the world saw it 10 years after the release of its wheeled twin, which differed only in the design of the undercarriage, suspension system and nuances in the transmission. He appeared because of the significantly adult needs of agriculture in an efficient and reliable apparatus with improved characteristics of patency, which had less harmful effect on fertile soil. Farmers complained that the past tractors had strongly rammed the soil.

Specialists of the Soviet agrarian industry appreciated the technical characteristics of the T-150 tractor. Already in 1991 more than 50 enterprises of the machine-building industry began to produce various attachments for these machines.

Tractor, which is used even in Europe

For 40 years, as many produce this tractor, a large number of different modifications have been produced. So, on the basis of this technique, caterpillar machines with an elevated driving star and reduced reference area, and an experimental 2-link model, and machines on tracks from rubber and metal were produced.

In the same years, other models were released - the T-130 and T-170, but today only the T-150 (caterpillar as well as its wheel variant) continues to be actively used. Today the machine is completely renewed and is produced not only for domestic, but also for the European market.

Features of the caterpillar solution design

This machine is different in that the motor is installed in front. The rear of the power unit is rigidly connected to the gearbox. On the gearbox is mounted a tractor cab, complete with a fuel tank for 315 liters.

Among the features of this gearbox, it is possible to use it in four modes. The switching process (and for each of the modes was 3 gears and reverse gear) was carried out by means of hydraulic couplings. At the same time, the switching took place without the need to stop, under load and during driving.

The tractor chassis is a load-bearing frame, which includes two longitudinal spars from the channels. They are interconnected by front and intermediate bars. To manage the tractor, the designers used the steering system even for the tracked vehicle. In addition, the caterpillar model allowed the operator to use different gears for each of the tracks - the technical characteristics of the T-150 tractor allowed to unfold while standing in one place.

Wheel modification: structural features

The wheel assembly is equipped with a frame, which consists of two parts. These two parts are connected by means of a swivel joint. Among the features is the ability to rotate in horizontal planes. The front part of the frame is intended for mounting the engine, gearbox, cockpit and fuel tank. The second part is intended for installation of a hinged system and agricultural implements. Both the front and rear axles are leading, and the rear has a shutdown function.

Cabin

Engineers developed and manufactured an all-metal cockpit. It has a closed type. To ensure that the operator is not affected by the environment, sealing is applied. The cabin is equipped with heating, ventilation, windshield wipers, sun visor. To facilitate the review, there is a rear-view mirror and a windshield blow-off system in case of fogging.

Inside there are two soft chairs, while the operator's seat is equipped with springs and has a height adjustment. Comfort systems have lighting, a thermos bottle, a separate place for the first aid kit, and hooks for hanging clothes.

Engine

Regardless of the modification, the technical characteristics of the T-150 tractor as a whole differ little. All the cars have a diesel six-cylinder four-stroke SMD-60 with an additional boost system. The rated power of the engine is 150 liters. from.

The development of these models of motors was carried out exclusively for these machines. Cylinders are placed V-shaped. The unit is equipped with a liquid cooling system. The launch process has its own characteristics.

Engine T-150 has a gasoline engine, which serves as a starter. In addition, the tractor is equipped with a three-stage intake air purification system, which will then be fed into the power system. As part of this system - filters: inertial-oil and two-stage. Also used is a cyclone (dry type). To facilitate the launch of the power unit at a temperature below zero degrees, a pre-heater is provided in the tractor unit. Today, no one can be surprised by the short strokes of the pistons and direct injection system, and then everything was different. The release of these engines was considered a real victory.

Transmission and gearbox

Models are equipped with a mechanical transmission, which is equipped with hydropodic couplings, which carry out switching. In the development of the CPR, the main emphasis was placed on complete unification. The main gears have the form of planetary gearboxes.

As for the crawler modification, here the gearbox is made in the form of a two-flow system. Here it is possible to transfer the movement to a separate caterpillar. On the wheel modification, the torque from the gearbox is transmitted to the wheels through the transfer case. The wheel version is additionally equipped with a power take-off shaft, which is necessary for the work of the attached equipment.

Depending on what task it was necessary to solve, the operator used all the wide possibilities of a two-stream box. It allowed to simply transport the tractor, to use it as a towing machine, to start the working mode of the machine. This transmission allowed the operator to perform various maneuvers.

In addition, this checkpoint is highly reliable. It also significantly reduced the overall load, increased the clearance to 300 cm. With it, the tractor became more maneuverable and agile.

Undercarriage T-150

Tractor in caterpillar performance is driven by caterpillar chains. They are installed on special carriages and supporting rollers. In the caterpillar propeller, there are cylindrical springs. Also in the suspension are involved hydraulic shock absorbers. The undercarriage of the wheeled version is equipped with four wheels with a wide rubber. This allows you to significantly reduce the pressure on the ground. All tires are the same for all wheels.

T-150 then and now

For 40 years the model has changed significantly. Today these tractors are equipped with more powerful engines of Yaroslavl production. These are diesel YaMZ-236D. Their volume is 11.15 liters. The power of the unit is 180 liters. from. At 2100 revolutions. The design of the motor is traditionally V-shaped, it has not changed. Changed the starting system - now it consists of one stage, and instead of a gasoline engine an electric starter is used. With this engine there is no shortage, and you can buy any spare parts for tractors. A small change has also been made to the transmission system, but its double-streaming has survived. Also, the kinematic turns remained unchanged.

The technical characteristics of the T-150 tractor are changing and adapting to the current situation. And the overall dimensions, despite all the changes, remained the same as they were at the time of the release of the car in 1983. Thus, the length of the unit is 5 m, width - 1.88 m, height is 2.68 cm. Weight is 7.95 t in the old version and 8.15 t in the modernized one. The size of the base for the caterpillar series is 1.8 m, and the track is 1.43 m.

Thanks to the upgrades, the repair of the T-150 has become much simpler, and modern spare parts for these machines are on sale. In a modern tractor, engineers have managed to overcome one important drawback. Because of the short base, the machine galloped and roared. Increasing its length allowed to significantly reduce the pressure of the machine on the ground and make the movement more smooth.

Great changes have touched the cabin, since in 1983 engineers cared little about the operator's ability to work comfortably. Today the cabin is closed, isolated from moisture and noise. Specialists optimized the layout of controls for convenient operation.

Market price

The market still has old T-150s. Their price can vary from 250 to 950 thousand rubles, depending on the condition. To purchase a modern model, it will take from 1,800,000 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages

The car has a high cross-country capacity, fuel consumption is quite low. It is easy to operate the tractor. But the system of kinematic turning is considered a minus T-150. The reviews mark a small radius and a rare need for it. To increase the radius of such a turn, it is necessary to exert considerable effort, and because of this the operator is tired. Also among the advantages is the fact that the plant produces not only tractors, but also spare parts for tractors. This makes their operation simple and inexpensive.

So, we found out what technical specifications this technique has.