Tank range of fire. Aim of the maximum range of the tank

To date, the tank acts as the main firepower of modern armies. And always the winner is the one who in a duel can create favorable conditions to hit an enemy tank. The range of fire in this case is crucial, because it allows you to fire on the enemy from a shelter or a zone of inaccessibility.

Forces that reduce the range of flight

At present, design engineers are developing new and new models that increase the range of modern tanks. But no matter how they tried, it is not possible to completely eliminate the factors that reduce the range of the projectile's flight.

In theory, if the shell were not operated by outside forces during the flight, then it would fly in a straight line. But under the action of gravity, it is attracted to the ground, loses its initial speed and range of flight, changes its trajectory to a parabola.

In addition, an air resistance force acts on any flying body, which not only reduces the speed of flight, but also tends to overturn the projectile, to give it a vertical rotational motion. By reducing the influence of the above factors, it can be achieved that the maximum range of the tank will be greater.

The main ways to increase the range of fire

To reduce the impact of gravity, you can resort to only one method - to reduce the weight of the tank projectile. Measures to reduce weight are extremely rare, because it depends on the penetrating ability of the head.

Reduction of the air resistance force to the projectile gives a special streamlined shape, which improves its aerodynamic properties. The head is sharpened, and the zapoyachkovuyu part mow down at a certain angle. To eliminate the overturning of the flying ammunition, he is given his own rotary motion.

To make the shell rotate around its own axis, special spiral channels are cut into the trunk before setting up a tank. The firing range is increased, but a different problem arises - derivation, or deflection of the projectile to the right or left of the shot line.

The direction of displacement in the vertical axis depends on the direction of tightening of the channels inside the trunk. If they go up to the right, the flying projectile will deviate to the right side, and when aiming the gunner should take the lead to the left.

Flight speed and trajectory

There is one more factor that affects the range of flight - the initial speed of the projectile's movement. Accordingly, the smaller the initial acceleration, the closer the enemy tank should be. The range of fire depends on the angles of the throw, which, in turn, are again determined by the initial velocity. The more meters per second the core overcomes during the flight, the smaller angle must be set for the target's damage.

All listed factors - derivation, angle of throw, initial force of flight - set the trajectory of the projectile's movement. The main task that is facing the engineers at this stage of the development of tank technology is to give the shell a more direct glide path - a vertical flight line. Now it is a parabola.

Effective range of fire

One of the main indicators of the efficiency of cannons, which are installed on anti-tank guns and on the tank - the range of direct fire, that is, the distance the missile will fly, deviates from the vertical trajectory by a distance not exceeding the height of the target being hit. Speaking directly about tanks, the glide path should be no more than 2 meters high.

In order to improve the defense of positions, to make it more stable, it is first of all necessary to increase the range of a direct shot. Increasing the distance at which effective fire can be fired on the enemy's equipment, combined with the massive use of tank guns, makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of defense.

Engineers-designers are trying to increase the initial speed of the projectile's flight, so that the target range of the tank's fire is higher. The indicator of the effective fire distance is in direct proportion to the initial acceleration of the ammunition - it is ten to twenty percent higher than the initial "swiftness". For example, at a speed of 1000 m / s the flight range will be 1100-1200 meters.

Scattering of projectiles

The force of the projectile launch from the tank's muzzle also affects the flight time - the higher the acceleration rate, the less amount of time the core will hold in the air. This is of significant importance when firing at moving targets, reduces the number of errors allowed in the case of incorrect forecasting of the trajectory.

The effectiveness of firing is also affected by the scattering of projectiles - the average area of hit of each shot fired on the target. The deviation of the penetration of the nucleus from the aiming point increases with the distance to the target. This happens under the influence of various factors, including Coriolis acceleration. Completely eliminate the dispersion is impossible.

Range of fire

At this stage in the development of military technology, engineers are introducing various means that allow enemy forces to be hit at a distance of up to 10 km or more. What is the range of shooting a tank, standing on the armament of each individual army, you can not say for sure - each model is different.

To increase the range of flight designers not only use the methods listed above, but also create new means of conducting fire. Now there are two main types of such tools:

1. ATGM is an anti-tank guided missile, it is part of the armament of most tanks and anti-tank systems, previously it had the abbreviation ATGM - anti-tank guided missile.
2. BOPS is an armor-piercing feathered subcaliber projectile, which stabilizes in the air not due to rotation around its own axis, but due to aerodynamic solutions.

So, for example, the range of shooting a T-90 tank with ATGM guns is about 5000 meters, and fire can be fired at a distance of 0.1 kilometer from the BOPS gun.

Armament of the T-90 tank

The main weapon of the T-90 tank is represented by a 125-mm smoothbore gun, which is paired with a machine gun and mounted on trunnions, providing greater flexibility when aiming at the target. The stabilization system is represented by the "Jasmin" design. The new gun has a high accuracy of firing, quick recharging - about 6.5 seconds due to the automatic loading.

One of the exceptional features of the gun is the ability to fire guided missiles. The firing range of the T-90 tank with ATGM guns is 5 km. This is provided by modern designs of both guidance systems and direct missiles.

The missile control complex is represented by a laser guidance channel with a ballistic computer, an automated control unit and shots themselves, which are produced by guided missiles for tank guns. The presented engineering solutions allow to inflict with accuracy more than 60% both stationary targets, and moving at a speed of more than 70 km / h.

Armament of the T-80 tank

The T-80 tank was famous for being the world's first military machine with a gas turbine engine. He allowed to reduce the time of preparation of the machine for further operation. Due to the fact that now the engine was not required to warm up, the machine could:

1. Immediately begin movement at plus temperatures.
2. Begin redeployment after 2-3 minutes after starting the power plant at an ambient temperature of -18 degrees Celsius.
3. Start traffic after 20-30 minutes under more severe climatic conditions.

At the moment it is an obsolete model, but it is still used in armaments in some countries. It was developed in 1976. The main gun is a 125 mm cannon type 2A46-1.

The range of the T-80 tank from the main gun is about 3700 meters. At the beginning of its production was not equipped with guided missiles. Subsequent modifications of technology acquired ATGM installations, and the range of the missiles was about 5 kilometers.

Armament of the T-64 tank

The main battle tank T-64 was produced in the 70-80s of the last century. Despite its advanced age, this technique can boast of solid characteristics. The main firepower of the machine is represented by a 125 mm smooth-bore gun, which can fire 4 types of projectiles - sub-caliber, cumulative, high-explosive and guided missiles.

Reflected the TTX of the T-64 tank firing range of its weapons. Guns ATGM can hit the target at a distance of more than 10 thousand meters. The anti-aircraft complex, represented by a machine gun with a tape feed of 12.7 mm caliber, can hit the target in the air at a distance of up to 1.5 km. The guns strike accurate hits on both fixed and moving targets.

In order for the T-64's range to be more effective, there are several optical devices in the cockpit that are available to the captain of the machine and the gunner. The devices are equipped with a 9-fold optical zoom and night recognition system. Despite its considerable age, the car is used by many countries around the world.