Standard size of expanded clay blocks according to GOST

Ceramsite concrete is a modern building material related to lightweight concrete. It produces blocks and other elements that are used for the erection of internal and external walls of houses and engineering structures for various purposes. It is also used to fill monolithic frames as a heat-insulating material.

Composition and production

Claydite blocks are obtained by mixing claydite, portland cement, sand and water by semi-dry vibrocompression. Sometimes, if necessary, add permitted plasticizing agents. Depending on the place of application, the composition may vary: to increase the thermal insulation properties, the amount of sand and cement may decrease, while the volume of expanded clay increases, reducing the weight of the products and the weight of the finished object. At the same time, the heat and sound insulation values increase.

Expanded clay is a specially treated burnt clay, which looks like a porous oval pebble. Depending on the method of production, they can have an angular shape, such a material is called expanded clay gravel. For the production of blocks, a filler with a fraction of 5-10 mm is used.

Because clay is a natural cheap material, a house made of such blocks will be environmentally safe and the total cost of materials will be lower than buying building stones more traditional and common (gypsum concrete, foam concrete).

Classifications

As the composition, the size of claydite blocks and characteristics can be different, they are divided into several groups according to several parameters:

1. By appointment:

• Constructive. The heaviest and strongest blocks. They are used for the construction of independent support elements of buildings, bridges, overpasses. The specific weight of such blocks is from 1400 to 1800 kg / m ^3.
• Structural and thermal insulation are involved in the erection of walls, mostly single-layer walls. The specific weight of the blocks is from 600 to 1400 kg / m ^3.
• Thermal insulation is used as a heater of various designs. The lightest elements with the least content of cement and sand. Specific gravity is 350-600 kg / m ³ .

2. For the field of application:

• Wall. For internal and external laying different degrees of responsibility.
• Partitions for dividing the inter-room and in some cases inter-apartment space.

3. According to the form. All blocks parallelepipedal differ only in the degree of filling:

• Full body.
• Hollow.

4. In the order of masonry:

• Facial.
• Ordinary.

Standards

According to the properties and technical parameters, the claydite-concrete blocks must meet the requirements established in GOST 6133-99 "Concrete Wall Stones". The document lists various parameters for quality control, stamps, raw materials for their production, transportation and storage rules.

GOST specifies the specific dimensions of the gas block, foam block, expanded clay block:

Also, the document indicates the permissible deviation from the basic dimensions:

Common parameters

Dimensions keramzitobloka in accordance with GOST are clearly defined, for clarity, we simplify and translate them into the usual form and get the following table:

Name of blocks	The size, mm
Wall	390х190х188 288x288x138 288x138x138 290х190х188 190h190h188 90х190х188
Partitioning	590х90х188 390h90h188 190h90h188

According to these values, you can always calculate the amount of materials needed for construction. These figures apply to blocks of all types of concrete.

The standard size of expanded clay block can be changed to specific wishes at the production stage for a particular lot or for a whole product line. Then the seller should indicate that the product is manufactured according to the specifications and has personal, different from the accepted sizes.

In the standard, not only the size of the claydite blocks is registered, but also the basic shape of the stones - the parallelepiped. The element can have flat ends, as well as pile-and-groove connections.

The shape of the stones (polyhedra, semicircles, etc.) can be changed for the construction of architectural elements of structures.

Specifications

Note that the size of expanded clay blocks does not affect the performance.

1. The strength of claydite blocks differs depending on the field of application:

Appointment	Indicator, kg / cm 2
Thermal insulation	5-35
Structural and heat-insulating	35-100
Constructive	100-500

2. Bulk weight :

Appointment	Indicator, kg / cm 3
Thermal insulation	350-600
Structural and heat-insulating	600-1400
Constructive	1400-1800

3. Thermal conductivity of blocks from expanded clay concrete is in the range of 0.14-0.66 W / (m * K). The indicator depends on the amount of sand and cement in the composition of the stone - the fewer of them, the higher the block's ability to retain heat. The hollow elements have the highest rate, the structure of them will be the warmest.

4. Frost resistance depends on the severity of the block - the more weight, the more cycles the material withstands.

Appointment	The number of cycles
Thermal insulation	15-50
Structural and heat-insulating	150
Constructive	500

5. Water absorption for a standard claydite block - up to 10%. The indicator can be reduced by adding special plasticizing additives and improvers to the composition.

6. The vapor permeability increases with porosity - 0,3-0,9 mg / (m * h * Pa). Accordingly, light insulation blocks perfectly pass moisture.

7. Sound insulation depends on the degree of porosity of the unit. With a partition thickness of 90 mm, protection is provided up to 50 dB.

8. Refractoriness. Expanded clay is able to withstand 180 minutes. At an exposure temperature of 1050 ^° C.

9. The shrinkage corresponds to a value of 0.3-0.5 mm / m.

10. The permissible building number is 12.

Application

Blocks of expanded clay concrete are universal - they are used for erecting different parts of buildings and engineering structures. For the foundation, massive elements are released that can withstand significant loads, the body is additionally reinforced. For walls there are both independent and insulating blocks. The difference lies in the design and composition: the elements for supporting and supporting structures have a greater weight and density, and the insulating ones are more porous and lighter.

Partitions made of expanded clay concrete isolate sound in the premises. Such suit in homes and facilities for various purposes. The size of the barrier claydite block allows you to assemble the wall quickly with minimal effort.

Advantages over other materials

+ Produced claydite blocks, the sizes of which are standardized, are simple in laying: their porous structure allows the solution to penetrate into the body of the stone, which ensures reliable ligation of the masonry.

+ Walls erected from hollow blocks can be easily reinforced: a reinforcement reinforcing the construction is inserted into the through holes, creating a frame. This is especially true in multi-storey construction.

+ The size of expanded clay blocks allows you to save on the amount of mortar for masonry, and also reduces labor costs for the erection of structures.

+ The low weight of the elements does not require a strong foundation for the base.

+ The opportunity to save, without additional insulation.

+ "Breathable" walls allow maintaining an optimal climate in the premises without condensation.

+ Ceramsite concrete surface can be finished with different building materials, and its structure will ensure reliable adhesion of the layers.

+ Solid stones withstand various hanging objects (cabinets, shelves, appliances).

+ Minimal shrinkage will not be displayed on the finish and integrity of the structures.

disadvantages

• In comparison with heavy concrete, expanded clay is less strong, therefore its use for foundations is possible only with low-rise construction and careful calculation.
• When building high-rise buildings, blocks of high density are required, which increases the load on the foundation and requires a more powerful construction, which can increase the cost of the project.
• It happens that the claydite blocks are not ideal due to their structure, it is necessary to make the packing especially carefully. But if the deviations within the limits allowed by the GOST, there are no problems.

Features of application and selection

If, when choosing a building material for a house, you stopped on claydite concrete, you need to take into account some of the nuances:

1. In order not to create additional insulation, it is necessary to arrange a wall thickness of at least 40 mm. Then living in the house will be comfortable, and the microclimate is always optimal.
2. Masonry should be made by carefully measuring the thickness of the joints. There should not be any protrusions or overhangs.
3. For a house of expanded clay blocks, a strip foundation is suitable, unless a basement is provided. After its precipitation, one can start building walls.

The size of the claydite block standard defines clearly, and therefore, if the project you have calculated for such parameters, be careful when buying the material: the manufacturer must specify the dimensions according to GOST or TU. They may differ.