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South (river) - where is it? The length of the river. Rest on the river South

The south is a river flowing through the Kirov and Vologda regions of Russia. It is the right component of the Northern Dvina (left - the Sukhona River). The length of the South River is 574 kilometers. The total area of the pool is 35 600 sq. M. Km. In the Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky district, on the uplands of Northern Uvaly, is the source of the river in question. In the upper reaches, it flows in a southerly direction, abruptly winding. Before Nikolsky, the river turns north. It falls into Pichug, Pyzhug, Kichmengu and Shongu, after which the South expands to hundreds of meters and becomes navigable during the flood period.

Hydrology of the river

The average water discharge at a distance of 35 kilometers from the mouth is 292 cubic meters per second. Type of food - mixed, the predominant name is snow. Floods last from April to June. The south is a river that freezes at the end of October and early November, and it opens in April-May.

Nearby localities

The city of Nikolsk is located in the upper reaches of the South; Settlements Demyanovo, Podisinovets and Kichmengsky Gromok - on average; In the mouth is the village. Cousin, and opposite the mouth - Great Ustyug.

The water level during the year ranges from 0.6 to 3.5 meters in the upper reaches of the river, from 2.5 to 5 meters in the middle reaches and up to 6.7 meters in the lower reaches.

Physico-geographical information

The south is a river flowing through the territory of the Upper-South Landscape. It is referred to the basin of the White Sea. The Volga-Dvina watershed is the place from where the river originates. It is rather weakly expressed and represents a surface that is lined and swamped. Sukhona and the South are the rivers that give rise to the Lesser Northern Dvina, merging three kilometers below Veliky Ustyug. The area along which the river in question flows is wooded and flat.

The watershed is characterized by a weak orographic severity. The valleys of the flowing rivers are carved deeply, the slopes are severely dismembered by ravines, logs and beams. A narrow, in-line band features features of a water-eroded type of relief. The existing river network is complemented by a developed hollow-beam structure, thanks to which there is an increased discharge of rain and meltwater.

The speed of the current is directly dependent on the tortuosity of the bed, the water level and the structure of the bed. In different periods it can vary from 0.29 to 5.54 kilometers per hour.

Characteristics

In the summer, there is a strong shallowing of the river, at the same time there are at least one hundred passes with stony beds. That's why the ships in the South go only in the spring months. On the section from Nikolsk to the river. Pushma (length - 118 kilometers) are very steep banks. They are composed mostly of loams and dense clays - hard rocks. The south is a river, the flood plain of which is rather narrow. When the shipping level is reached, the floodplain extends from sixty to one hundred and eighty meters.

The shores on the site below Pushma consist of easily eroded rocks, in spring they are usually flooded. After the Lower Rystyuga (a section of the middle course) the valley of the South extends substantially (up to eight kilometers).

Food

A serious inflow of rain and meltwater causes a high flood in the spring. This period is the main phase of the South's water regime, it accounts for up to eighty percent of the annual runoff. Flood, as a rule, begins in mid-April and lasts a month (in the lower part of the river it can continue until the end of June). Rise is about twenty days, and a decline - for thirty. The maximum intensity of both processes is one and a half meters per day. Up to four peak peaks are observed due to non-simultaneous melting of the snow cover in different parts of the catchment area.

Ice drift can be observed with high water. The thickness of blocks reaches one meter, while they move not only along the channel, but also along the floodplain. Ice drift lasts from three to five days.

In summer and autumn, the South feeds on underground and rainwater. At the same time because of precipitation the level of the river can rise by 50-100 centimeters. Sometimes floodwaters are flooded .

Winter runoff is insignificant. This is explained by the small reserves of groundwater due to the weak development of the system of water-intensive quaternary deposits.

Vegetation

A huge part of the area of the basin is occupied by spruce forests with an admixture of fir in the western territories. Due to active cutting down, the forest cover has significantly decreased. In its lower reaches, the South spills and forms broad meadows.

Ichthyofauna

Pike, pinto, perch, bream, burbot, roach live in the river. As for valuable species, they are represented by a taimen and an elm.

Current problems

In the coastal areas there are many settlements, livestock farms, pastures, not equipped with treatment facilities. For this reason, the level of organic contamination of the pond in question is very high.

Exploring the river

Active research of the territory where the South is located began in the nineteenth century. Thanks to paleontological excavations, it was possible to compile a detailed description of the fauna of the region.

The first stage of the study of the South is directly related to hydrological works on transport routes and the creation of waterways in this region. The first materials on the hydrology of the South and the flowing rivers were published in the middle of the XIX century. Subsequently, hydrographic expeditions were organized. In addition, regular hydrometric observations began to be carried out. Throughout the twentieth century there was a process of forming a network of hydrological monitoring posts. It was due to the needs of hydropower, timber floating and shipping. The data from three water-measuring stations, collected since 1949, made it possible to establish the features of the regime of water level fluctuations, flow velocity, turbidity, sediment discharge, floods and ice phenomena. Serious studies of the features of relief, vegetation, soil composition and drainage basin have made it possible to achieve the most accurate prediction of the state of the river.

Recreation

If you can not afford to travel to the Swiss Alps, do not despair. Local beauties are breathtaking no less. Types of relief hills, towering all over the beautiful obstinate South, will more than replace foreign landscapes. On clay limestone soils are firmly standing for many years thirty-meter slender spruce of surprisingly regular shape, as well as firs and pines with dark green dense crowns.

According to tourists, one of the greatest impressions of recreation on the South River leaves during kayak rafting. The local churches take hold of the spirit, which suddenly appear on high hills, then in low bends. Unfortunately, about twenty temples are now half-ruined. They are not used for their intended purpose. Nevertheless, inside most of them you can admire the most beautiful frescoes covering historical events, in honor of which the temples, in fact, were erected.

No less interesting are the old log cabins, lavishly decorated with elaborate carvings, reminiscent of lace.

Not far from Nikolsk and the surrounding settlements there are many attractions. Among them there are stone cathedrals, arboreal temples, the ensemble of the churches of Archangel Michael and St. George the Victorious, as well as unique natural monuments - bor-whitecover and Kudrinsky boron. The opinion of the amazing beauty of this land has been transmitted for many centuries from generation to generation.

Due to the availability of convenient entrances, the South is simply created for fishing. It is noteworthy that the locals have managed to catch grayling in the larvae of ordinary Colorado beetles. Usually this royal fish is more selective.

Adherents of "quiet hunting" will be unspeakably happy with a huge number of mushrooms and berries in the nearby forests.

Recreation bases on the South River provide an opportunity to stay in comfort. "Lagoon South" offers numbers from five to forty-two thousand rubles a day for two tourists. The price includes breakfast.

Holiday Village "Victoria" offers a more budgeted accommodation option. So, the double room will cost 1600 rubles. / Day. Breakfast is also included.

On the basis of "Susanin" can accommodate a maximum of ten travelers. Payment - 3000 rubles per person. There is a possibility to ride horses, on a boat, rafting along the river in a kayak, to steam in a bath and even to make a pilgrimage tour through abandoned monasteries and temples.

The Great South River. How to get there?

Coastal settlements located in the lower and middle reaches of the South are connected by an extensive network of roads. The largest of them is the P-157 highway. In the upper reaches of the roads are not so many, in addition, they are of poor quality.

Conclusion

The South River is a unique reservoir with a long history. It will give unforgettable impressions to kayak lovers. Adherents of less extreme rest, too, will not be bored.

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