Scheme of boiler connection: how to carry out installation work independently

Without hot water in the house to talk about a comfortable life is not necessary. Neither is it okay to wash the dishes, take a bath, or use the shower. The most common option for obtaining heated water in high-rise apartment houses is to connect the piping of centralized water supply. However, residents of the private sector and country cottages are often deprived of this opportunity. The solution still exists! It is enough to purchase a highly specialized electric water heater - a boiler, or, alternatively, to think about replacing the heating boiler with a dual-circuit analog. The first became so popular that they are installed even in apartments, whose owners, after performing simple calculations, come to the conclusion that it is cheaper to purchase a device and pay for electricity than to receive monthly payments for centralized hot water.

What is a boiler

This device is designed to heat cold water supplied to it and deliver hot to the consumer. There are gas and electric modifications, as well as using indirect heating. In the first flow of water passes through the heat exchanger, heated by the flame of the combustion gas. Electric, there are two modifications: storage and flow. The latter work by analogy with gas, but use a heater. More interesting are those that accumulate cold water, and then gradually heat it with a TEN. Such models have become most widespread due to relatively low power consumption and ease of use. We will discuss them in detail.

Choice of energy source

The main advantage of gas water heaters is the high productivity of the built-in burner, so that it can be heated in large quantities of cold running water to high temperatures. In other words, if someone likes to luxuriate in the bathroom, the water heater, which uses gas for its work, seems to be the most optimal option. However, despite the fact that the connection scheme of the gas boiler is very simple, when installing in a new location, one must resort to the services of the gas service representatives, spending honestly earned funds.

If you choose a device that heats water with electricity, then no permits for installation are required. The connection scheme for a boiler of this type is also very simple, so you can do it yourself. From an economic point of view, such solutions are often preferable to gas analogues. The drawback is only in a limited supply of heated water, which can be issued once (for storage-type models).

Simplified connection diagram of an electric boiler

The self-assembly of any equipment must begin with a reading of the accompanying instruction. Otherwise, you can not only get a completely inoperative system, but even unknowingly damage the device. If you do not go into details, the boiler connection diagram is as follows: cold water (supply) and hot (outlet) piping are connected to the nozzles on the tank. The device is connected to the electrical network and the desired heating value is set by the analog or digital controller. It is necessary to open the tap (a point of draw-off) - and hot water rushes along this way, being squeezed out cold, coming from the water supply system.

We choose a wire

But the simplified scheme of connection of the boiler still can not serve as an instruction for installation, so let's dwell on all the key elements in more detail. Most of the electric water heaters come with a power cord and a plug that allows you to connect to the outlet in the usual way. Some manufacturers, however, decide to save a little and "forget" to put these things in the delivery set, as a result of which the owner has to independently buy them. The first important thing is the correctly selected wire. If the home network uses a ground wire, then buy a three-wire cable of the required length. Otherwise it will be quite two-core. The next question, which will be asked the buyer in the electrical shop - this is the necessary cross-section of veins. It is chosen as follows: for a copper cable - 1 mm square, permissible 17 A, which roughly corresponds to 3500 watts. That is, if the instruction to the electric boiler indicates that its power is about 3 kW, then a cross section of 1 mm is sufficient. Sq. M. Otherwise, the conductors will heat up during the operation of the water heater, which can lead to insulation damage.

Checking the wiring

In addition to the power cord, the wiring itself should be able to pass through the desired current, and the protection - to withstand. Imagine a situation where an electric water heater is installed in the bathroom, where it is plugged into the outlet. Let its power of 3 kW. For 220 V networks, this corresponds approximately to a current of 14 A. The cross section of the conductors is 1 mm. Sq. M. In this mode, the equipment can work. But if someone in the same bathroom decides to use a hair dryer with 1.5 kW, the total consumption will exceed the permissible value, and the veins of the conductors will begin to heat up. In addition, depending on the wiring layout, it is not necessary to connect the hair dryer in the bathroom - it can also be affected by the vacuum cleaner or iron included in the corridor outlet. From the above, the consequence is as follows: if the owner of an electric boiler does not understand electrical engineering well, it makes sense to invite a specialist once to help connect the device to the power grid.

Required component

To power the boiler with electricity, it's easiest to just plug the power cord into an outlet. So many people do. We recommend that you spend a small extra amount and buy a special electrical device - RCD. Using a residual current device several times reduces the likelihood of electric shock due to possible malfunctions in the boiler circuits. The special feature of the RCD is that it performs its functions even in two-wire networks, without a ground loop (old wiring). The first models of such devices outwardly represented an analog of a circuit breaker with a "dovetail" fastening, which required solving the problem with the installation site. Now there are small highly specialized solutions, which are an additional inclusion in the power cord of a boiler, the size of a matchbox. For example, the connection scheme of the boiler "Ariston" initially contains this component. When using switches on the cord, you should give a couple of recommendations:

- If the RCD "knock out" for no apparent reason, then it is worth trying to deploy the plug, changing the polarity;

- make sure that the heater is whole (having the skills and the appropriate tool, you can ring the housing).

Protecting equipment

The connection scheme of the storage type boiler necessarily involves the use of a special device - a safety valve. It is always supplied complete with a water heater, and if for any reason there is no, it must be purchased separately. Outwardly it is a small tube with an additional third output. Inside the spring-loaded mechanism. When the pressure of the water passing through the tube exceeds a certain value, the internal valve is triggered and the "excess" liquid is discarded. Note that the indirect heating boiler connection scheme also uses this element, which is part of the so-called safety group.

How the safety valve works

Imagine that the owner of the boiler has set the heating temperature too high. The closer to the boiling point, the more intensive the expansion. And since the capacity of the tank is tight, the pressure on its walls increases, which can lead to their destruction. The safety valve is mounted on the cold water pipe of the boiler and is designed in such a way as to work when the pressure rises. During installation, you need not make a mistake with its orientation - on the body there is always an arrow showing the normal movement of the liquid through the element.

Water works

The connection scheme of the boiler to the water supply, in addition to the above safety valve, may include an additional device - a water pressure reducer . It is a small hermetic element with two threaded nipples. For work does not require an electrical connection. Its purpose is to reduce the water pressure to acceptable values and to level the water hammer in the system. For example, in country houses using a pumping station, when the pump is switched on, the pressure in the system increases briefly, which the safety valve must respond to. In the case of the reducer, mounted on the boiler tube, you can not worry about such leaps of pressure. Also, this element can be useful for residents of some apartments, where due to the proximity of the water station, the pressure exceeds normal, which also has a bad effect on the operation of water heaters.

Providing for maintenance

Although the connection scheme of the boiler to the water supply can be carried out without additional elements, with the exception of the safety valve, it is still recommended to think in advance of the ways of servicing the device. Since the supply is carried out directly from the main line of cold water supply, if it is necessary to replace the heater, to disconnect the pipe connections, etc., it is necessary to disconnect the water supply to the whole apartment. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to install shut-off valves on the supply and exit pipes of the water heater at the mounting stage. It is better if they are spherical, not reducing the diameter of the pipe.

If many consumers

Sometimes water heaters are used as a backup source of hot water. Usually we are talking about dozens of points of water. Even a 200 liter water heater may not be enough. In such cases, a scheme is used to connect two boilers or even more. It is simple: from the outlet pipe of hot water the first pipe extends to the supply of cold from the second, and already its output goes to the consumers.

That is, a sequential circuit is used. This allows you to reduce power consumption, as one of the boilers will be less likely to turn on, and do not think about equalizing pressures.

Drazice

The products of the Czech producer "Dražice" are very popular. The company produces both electric and indirectly heated boilers. The latter is connected with a number of nuances. So, the scheme of connection of the boiler "Dražice" of the heat exchange (indirect) version is designed for the use of an additional pipe route - the outlet "Recirculation". This line extends from the farthest consumer of hot water, returns to the circulation pump, and from it to the "Recirculation" hole at the beginning of the wiring. As a result, a closed loop is obtained, along which hot water circulates, so that, having opened the tap, there is no need to drain the already cooled.

Heat exchange solutions

The scheme of connecting the boiler indirect in most models is identical. Unless with rare exceptions. The heat source in the house through the heat exchanger heats the water in the boiler itself. Cold supply is performed at the lowest point, the middle branch pipe is intended for recirculation, and the hot one is taken from the top point. The correct connection scheme for the indirect heating boiler assumes that the heating liquid moves from top to bottom, which makes it possible to achieve the greatest efficiency. The most commonly used solution is a three-way valve. In this case, two circuits are used - main (heating) and additional (water supply). While there is no water intake, the heating circuit fluid passes through the heat exchanger, but it is worthwhile to open the tap, and the DHW starts circulating through it. The thermostat controls the switching of the circuits.

The connection scheme of the indirect heating boiler can be realized differently - on two pumps. The first creates a coolant movement in the heating circuit, and the second - in the DHW system. If you need hot water, then turn on the appropriate pump, the heating is switched off and supported by a non-return valve. The connection diagram of the boiler with the boiler depends on the model (it is part of or is a separate device), and also on the chosen implementation.