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Rating of programming languages 2016

In the modern world, programming is one of the most prosperous branches of technological progress. The need to work with programs is not questioned, since at the present time almost all activities are computerized. That's why good programmers are very highly valued both in Russia and abroad.

Briefly about programming languages

The programming language is a system of interrelated signs necessary for writing computer programs. In addition, there is a set of rules that affect the form of the program. Depending on these rules, the computer performs computational processes or manages objects. This method of programming is designed exclusively for human-computer interaction.

There are two main types of languages for programming:

  1. Standard (a set of elements that represent its syntax and semantics).
  2. The implementation of the standard (the software itself, allowing to ensure the operation of the standard).

Despite the power and multifunctionality of the currently existing languages, no syntax is universal. The variety of systems forces us to invent new variants of languages. The proliferation of multi-core processors and mobility have created a new work for developers.

Historical reference

Since the creation of the first electronic computers, about eight thousand languages have been invented for programming. And now they continue to be created almost daily. True, very many of them are known only to the creators themselves, but some of them are available for use by millions of people.

The origins of programming belong to the nineteenth century. To some extent, programmable devices include, for example, looms and mechanical pianos. The principle of their management was based on instructions, which can be considered a prototype of the current programming languages, only very simplistic and primitive.

The founder of the creation of programming languages is Ada Augusta Lovelace, a British mathematician who in the mid-nineteenth century wrote a program for the calculation of Bernoulli numbers intended for the analytical machine of Charles Babbage. It is she who is considered the first programmer, in honor of the mathematician they also named one of the programming languages.

Basics

With the development of technical industries, arose the need to create programs that manage the processes of calculation, creating something. From this began to appear a variety of programming languages.

Here are some of them:

  • Assembler is a low-level language designed to interact directly with hardware.
  • BASIC is the easiest to program; It is necessary for the initial mastery of automation.
  • "Cobol" - a high level; Used to solve economic problems.
  • "Fortran" - a high level; Was created to algorithmize computing tasks.
  • "Hell" is a high level; It was created to automate process management (named after Ada Lovelace).
  • Pascal - was designed to teach programming.
  • C and C ++ - a universal language for solving any problems; The requirements of the system programmer lie in the basis.

Popular languages

The popularity rating of RedMonk programming languages is based on the GitHub score and discussions on the StackOverflow website. For 2016 this list is as follows:

  • JavaScript.
  • Java.
  • PHP.
  • Python.
  • C #.
  • C ++.

Judging by the rating, the most popular languages are such as JavaScript and Java. This is not surprising, because they are embedded in the browsers of Google Chrome and Safari, which are very often used by many people on the planet. In addition, these tools are used in the most popular programs AdobeAcrobat and Reader. Hence, the rating of programming languages is based on the popularity of those or other means of users.

But according to the journal IEEESpectrum, the most popular is C. It is followed by Java, Python and C ++. This sequence is determined by searching results on special requests on known sites.

The Tiobe index

Tiobe - an index that allows you to determine the popularity and relevance (rating) of programming languages. The calculation is made by search queries containing the name of a particular language.

The ranking of Tiobe programming languages is presented as follows: Java is in first place, C is second, and C ++ is the third. In March 2016, Java held 25% of the market for popularity among other languages. The popularity of the same C fell by 2% and amounted to 14%. Significantly lost its position ObjectiveC, which is surprising, because it is the main on the platforms of the iPhone and iPad. JavaScript also loses its popularity by moving to the end of the list.

This rating of programming languages is subject to frequent changes, as it is formed depending on the interest of the target audience.

Frequently used languages

When creating an OS, it is impossible to predict what the user will need specifically. Sometimes it happens that the OS lacks a function that is not provided. It is for their creation that programming languages are necessary, with the help of which a special code is written and implemented. It is recognized by the computer and edits the program or creates an auxiliary one. For such tasks, the most popular languages are C and C ++, as well as BASIC and Pascal. They usually create systems for Windows and DOS.

Languages for programming are divided into two groups:

  1. Client (representative is JavaScript).
  2. Server (HTML is a good example).

By the way, it is HTML that tops the rating of the use of programming languages. Its advantages are in easy recognition of HTML templates by any of the existing browsers. This language is basic, without its knowledge it is impossible to move to higher levels of programming.

The relevance of languages

The rating of the demand for programming languages is based on the relevance in various areas of employment. Financial systems require complex and diverse tools for creating programs, such as Java and C #. But for web pages and similar programs you need a simple and terse language, for example, JavaScript or Ruby.

In the sphere of employers, the most popular is the knowledge of SQL. On its basis, databases such as MySQL, Microsoft SQL, which are used by many large institutions, have been created. In addition, all phones based on Android and IOS have access to a SQL database, called SQLite.

The ranking of programming languages in this area leads to the following list of relevance: Java, JavaScript, C # and others.

Thus, we can conclude. The rating of programming languages of 2016 is represented by means very similar in popularity, use and relevance. But there are differences, and the reason for this is the different demands of certain spheres of activity.

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