Pump station pressure switch: adjustment, adjustment

More and more people are choosing life in suburban cottages, village houses and new settlements. It is proved that the urban rhythm exhausts even the strongest person, which directly affects the effectiveness of his work and even relations with relatives. This is understood even in the government, promoting the program "One-story Russia". But this is all theory. In practice, it turns out that a simple person who has decided to equip a permanent or temporary home outside the city borders faces a number of nuances that must be taken into account. So, living in a city, it is not necessary to understand what a pressure switch of a pumping station is. In rural areas, where there is usually no centralized water supply, it is difficult to do without such knowledge.

Where to get water in the cottage

Not all country houses are located in the zone of centralized water supply lines. Even vice versa - "lucky", which is enough to get a pipe from the main branch with water and enjoy the goods, is much less than the rest. But there is a solution. And there are several of them. The choice, as it often happens, is determined by the final cost of installation and subsequent operation of the system of autonomous water supply.

The best known are three ways to solve the problem:

- With the help of capacious capacity on the territory of the farm, in which you periodically need to bring up / supply water for filling. In fact, it is a compact analogue of a water tower. The barrel itself is set at a height, so that water flows out of it by gravity, it is only necessary to open the tap. The disadvantages of such a solution are greater than the advantages.

- In a classic way - with a well and a bucket (sometimes with a yoke). Reliability is 100%, but it's not necessary to talk about convenience. Is it worth reminding that to fill a small bath will require 14 walkers to a well with a bucket?

- Mounting the pumping station, which automatically takes water from the well or well and delivers it to the consumer if necessary. This makes it possible to organize a familiar urban life in a village house with regard to water supply. In this article we will consider this case. Also, we will explain what a pressure switch of a pumping station is and point out its role in ensuring the operation of a domestic water pipe.

Individual water supply

The pumping station is a device designed to pump water from an external source and to create and maintain the desired pressure in the domestic tap-off system. Structurally, it is a set of components connected in a certain way, each of which performs its function. For example, the pressure switch of the pumping station controls the amount of pressure, in effect, completely controlling the operation of the entire system. In addition, in case of malfunctioning of this element or its improper tuning, the storage membrane tank may be damaged, and this is a significant cost for restoration.

What does the pumping station consist of?

This device includes:

- An electric pump that pumps water from an external source. Depending on the method of implementing the scheme, it can be submersible, constantly under water, and also external, surface.

- Non - return valve preventing water from gravity.

- Pressure switch of the pump station, regulating the head by turning the pump on / off.

- A tank accumulator that accumulates and gives out water.

- Tying system consisting of auxiliary elements (pipes, five-way nipple, filter).

Principle of operation

Before we explain how the pumping station pressure switch is configured, at least in general terms it is necessary to talk about the operation of the individual household water supply system. Inside the accumulator there is a container in the form of a pear from modified food rubber, and air is pumped between it and the walls of the tank. The pump pushes water into the "pear", it expands and compresses the outer air layer, which begins to exert pressure on the walls. Adjustment of the pressure switch of the pump station allows the owner of the system to set the maximum capacity of the tank and, as a consequence, the moment when the pump is shut off, by monitoring the pressure gauge.

Back to the well, water will not go away, as this is prevented by a spring-loaded valve. It is necessary to open the tap at any point of the water intake - and the water will rush from the pear in the system, and the initial pressure will be equal to the set value. As the water consumption goes down, the pressure will fall, and when the lower threshold set in the relay reaches the pump, the pump starts and the cycle repeats.

Proper installation

As we have already pointed out, the most important element of such a water supply system is a pump station pressure switch. It is connected between the output of the accumulator and the non-return valve in the pipeline. Although for the sake of economy, all splitters can be assembled independently of the individual components, we recommend that you purchase a five-way choke that includes threads for all major parts, including a manometer. It is important not to confuse the order of the check valve and the connection, otherwise the pressure switch of the pump station can not be adjusted. When using standard components, this error is minimized.

The device of the pump station pressure switch

In the construction of stations for individual water supply, RM-5 or its foreign counterpart, fully compatible with the conclusions, is used as a pressure limit regulator. However, changes in the internal arrangement are possible and, as a consequence, the malfunctions of the pump station pressure switch are also different, although they can be assembled into groups by similarity.

Within each model (РД5 or РМ5) there is a metal movable plate (platform), on which two springs exert pressure from opposite sides. It is also mediated by the water pumped into the pear. By rotating the clamping nut of the corresponding spring unit, you can increase or decrease the operating limits. The springs seem to "help" (or interfere) the pressure of the water to displace the plate. The mechanism is designed in such a way that several groups of electrical contacts are closed or opened when the site is displaced.

That is, the circuit itself works as follows:

- The pump pumps water into the accumulator. The power supply to the motor is fed through closed contacts in the pressure switch.

- The water pressure in the tank increases, when a certain value, set by the springs of the upper limit in the RD-5, is reached, the mechanism triggers and the electric circuit breaks - the pump shuts down. Back to the well, the liquid does not escape due to the valve.

- As the water is pumped, the pear is emptied, the pressure in the system drops and the spring of the lower limit is triggered in the relay, closing the contacts to the pump. The cycle is repeated.

We adjust the relay RM-5

Outwardly it is a small plastic box, with the bottom side of which there is a metal base with a nut on it, the system of which is similar to the "American". With its help, the device is screwed to the output of the five-way union. Adjustment of the pressure switch of the pump station consists in twisting two nuts. The larger one is on top of the metal plate and is indicated by the letter "P". It is responsible for the upper pressure value at which the contacts are opened and the pump motor is switched off. The smaller nut is designated as "ΔP" and indirectly indicates the lower value at which the circuitry is turned on. When tuning, it is very important to understand that the "delta R", unlike the "P", does not expose the lower limit, but regulates the difference between the shutdown and on-off pressures.

We adjust the upper limit at which the pump switches off

A prerequisite for proper tuning is checking the air pressure in the accumulator tank. Usually it is about 1.5 Atm. The higher it is, the less water will be stored, but then the average head will be greater. Imagine that with a fully emptied capacity there is 1 Atm. This is permissible. If less, then you need to use the pump.

After that, power should be applied to the circuit (it is assumed that everything is assembled, and the draw-off valves are closed) - the pump will turn on, the water will be pumped into the tank. Next, you need to follow the movement of the arrow on the manometer. If a value is reached, the relay will trip and the motor will shut down. After this, by rotating a little nut P, you can reduce or increase the cut-off limit. The arrows next to the designation on the plate indicate the direction (+ or -). Too zealous should not be, since each model of the accumulator is designed for its allowable volume of water, which should not be exceeded. Air pressure, previously measured, allows you to calculate the amount of accumulated fluid: if the trip occurred at 4 Atm, and in the air layer 1 Atm, then recruited in a tank 3 Atm (about 30 liters). Of course, the full impact does not occur, so the owner is available less.

Adjust the lower limit

After disconnecting the circuit, the upper limit is opened by the tap and monitored by the manometer. The value at which the pump starts is just the lower limit. If it is large, then rotating the nut "ΔР", you can raise or lower it. In any case, the remaining pressure should not be less than 0.9 Atm.

A few nuances

An important rule that allows prolonging the operation time of a rubber container is that: the pressure in the air gap should not exceed by more than 10% the lower limit of the pump start. Otherwise, it will be possible to get more water and reduce the frequency of starting the engine, but the pear will bend in different directions, reducing its resource.

If, while adjusting the upper value, the pump does not turn off, and the gauge needle stops at a certain digit, it means that there is not enough pump power to pump up to the set limits. It is necessary to interrupt the power supply and, after reducing the "P" a little, repeat the test, having previously disassembled the accumulated water.

Repair of the pressure switch of the pump station, although possible, but this is only a temporary means. Since this element actually protects the pump from overload, and the pear is damaged, it is better to purchase a new relay. The only exception is the routine maintenance, in which the internal rubbing parts are lubricated to reduce the resistance and more accurate operation.