HomelinessTools and equipment

Planer: device and application

The planer is part of a group of special equipment intended for straight-line machining (chamfering) of blanks and wood products. There are many types of devices. They allow you to perform the primary processing of the tree, preparing it for further finishing. The machines have the ability to shoot at different angles of the chamfer, differ in the width of the workpiece, have different table lengths and engine power.

Depending on the size of the working surface and the parameters of the blanks, the jointing machine can be of the following types:

  • Light models with a maximum milling width of up to 25 cm;
  • Average (40 cm);
  • Heavy (up to 630 mm).

By the number of cutting tools one- and two-side devices are produced. The first single-spindle devices can only process the bottom of the workpiece in one pass. On two-sided mechanisms, two adjacent sides of the product (edge and plank) are simultaneously milled.

The planer can be produced with a mechanical feed of the workpiece or manual. In the first case, the product moves with the built-in feeder or conveyor mechanism.

A one-way device with manual feed in its design has a frame on which the knife shaft, rear and front tables are located, as well as a guide ruler. The cutting shaft is driven by an electric motor by means of a V-belt drive. The motor is mounted on a special plate located inside the frame.

In principle, the device has a simple design, and in the presence of the required parts and components it is possible to assemble the planer with their own hands. Also, the design is equipped with a brake, which acts on the electromagnet and allows you to quickly stop the knife shaft. To change the thickness of the layer of the removed wood, a handle is used, with which the table moves along the height and is regulated on a scale.

Such a planer in the manufacture of carpentry construction products is able to serve one person, if the length of the products is less than one and a half meters. In the process of work, it is necessary to feed the workpiece evenly to the knife shaft, avoiding jolts and jerks, while the speed should be 6-10 meters per minute. When working, observe safety rules, keeping hands at a remote distance from the cutting element.

To finish two adjacent surfaces of the product, the milling is first milled and then taken over the edge. Double-face planer allows you to do this in one pass. When working with products longer than 1.5 meters, the device must be serviced by two people. One of them feeds the workpiece into the machine, pressing it against the guide ruler and the front table, the second worker helps to hold the product on the back table. If the wood has a skew layer, or it is milled against fibers, then it is recommended to reduce the feed rate for high-quality processing.

To control the quality of finishing products, they must be applied to the treated surfaces with each other and visually compare the presence and size of the lumen between them. Well-grooved wood should not have chipped, longitudinal strips, breaks and other defects.

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