Primary human needs and ways to meet them

A need is a specific need of the acting subject in the totality of the surrounding circumstances of his existence, attachment to external conditions, proceeding from his personal nature. This essential link in the system of relations with other people is the cause of human life. The needs extend to the entire sphere of social, material and organic life, indicating a close relationship between these concepts.

Demonstration of need

The need is manifested in the selective attitude of the individual to the existing conditions of the external world and is a dynamic and cyclic magnitude. Primary needs relate to biological needs, in addition, people feel the need to stay in society. The peculiarity of the need is that it is an inner motivation and an incentive for activity, but at the same time work becomes an object of necessity.

At the same time, the occupation by some kind of work forms new needs, since certain means and costs are needed to realize what was planned for life.

Needs in the community

A society in which people do not develop and do not reproduce is doomed to degradation. The needs of people in different epochs correspond to the spirit of entrepreneurship and development, reflect discontent and despair, express collectivism, general belief in subsequent cases, generalize the aspirations of people, claims that need periodic satisfaction. The ratio of primary and secondary needs is formed not only in terms of social status, but under the influence of the adopted way of life, the level of spiritual development, the diversity of social and psychological groups in society.

Without meeting the pressing needs, society can not exist, and it must engage in the reproduction of social values at the level of historical and cultural standards. Urgent needs for moving, communicating, owning information require from the society the development of transport, communication facilities, educational institutions. People care about satisfying primary and secondary needs.

Types of needs

Human needs are so diverse that for their generalization in different categories a classification by several criteria is required:

• On importance separate primary needs and secondary;
• Groups of subjects are divided into collective, individual, public and group;
• By choice of direction they are divided into ethical, material, aesthetic and spiritual;
• If possible, there are ideal and real needs;
• In the spheres of activity, the desire to work, physical rest, communication and economic directions are singled out;
• By the method of satisfying the needs subdivide into economic, requiring limited material resources for production and non-economic (the need for air, sun, water).

Primary needs

This category includes congenital physiological needs, without which a person can not exist physically. These include the desire to eat and drink, the need to breathe clean air, regular sleep, satisfaction of sexual desires.

Primary needs exist at the genetic level, while secondary ones arise with an increase in life experience

Secondary needs

They have a psychological nature, they include the desire to be a successful, respected member of society, the appearance of attachments. Primary and secondary needs differ in that dissatisfaction with the desires of the second category will not lead an individual to physical death. Secondary aspirations are divided into ideal, social and spiritual.

Social needs

In this category of desires, the need to communicate with other individuals prevails, to manifest itself in public activities, to gain general acceptance. This includes the desire to belong to a particular circle or social group, to occupy it is not the last place. These desires develop in the person in connection with his own subjective ideas about the structure of a given layer of society.

Ideal needs

This group includes aspirations to develop independently, manifested in the desire to receive new information, to investigate it and to orient in society. The need to study the surrounding reality leads to an awareness of the place in the modern world, the knowledge of the meaning of life, leads to an understanding of its purpose and existence. Interwoven with ideal are primary needs and spiritual desires, which represent an aspiration to creative activity and awareness of the beautiful.

Spiritual aspirations

Spiritual interests develop in a person in connection with the desire to make a richer life experience, expand the horizon, develop creative abilities.

The growth of personal potential forces the individual not only to be interested in the culture of mankind, but also to take care of presenting the values of his own civilization. Spiritual aspirations presuppose the growth of psychological stress in emotional experiences, awareness of the value of the chosen ideological goal.

A person with spiritual interests increases his skill, strives for high results in the field of activity and creativity. The individual refers to work not only as a means of enrichment, but he knows his own personality through labor. Spiritual, biological and social needs are closely intertwined. Unlike the animal world, in human society the primary is the need for biological existence, but it gradually turns into a social one.

The nature of the human personality is multifaceted, hence the variety of types of needs. The manifestation of aspirations in different social and natural conditions makes it difficult to classify and divide into groups. Many researchers offer different distinctions, putting motivation at the head of the corner.

Classification of needs of a different order

Primary human needs are divided into:

• Physiological, which consist in the existence and reproduction of offspring, food, breath, blood, sleep and other needs of the body;
• Existential needs, which are a desire to provide comfort and security of residence, work for the benefits, confidence in the further life.

Secondary needs, acquired in the course of life, are divided into:

• Social aspirations to get connections in the society, have friendly and personal attachments, take care of the relatives, get attention, participate in joint projects and activities;
• Prestigious desires (respect yourself, gain recognition from others, achieve success, high awards, move up the career ladder);
• Spiritual - the need for self-expression, realize their creative potential.

Classification of desires for A. Maslow

If you learn that a person has a need for shelter, food and a healthy lifestyle, then you will determine the primary need. Needs cause the individual to strive to get essential goods or change an undesirable situation (disrespect, disgrace, loneliness, danger). The need is expressed in motivation, which, depending on the level of development of the individual, acquires a concrete and definite form.

Primary needs include physiological needs, such as the continuation of the family, the desire to drink water, breathe, etc. A person wants to protect himself and his loved ones from enemies, to help them in the treatment of diseases, to save them from poverty. The desire to get into a particular social group takes the researcher to another category - social needs. In addition to these aspirations, the individual feels a desire to please others and requires respectful attitude.

Human needs are constantly changing, in the process of human evolution, the motivation is gradually reconsidered. Engel's law states that demand for low-quality food products declines as income increases. At the same time, there is a growing demand for food products, which require higher quality while improving the level of human life.

Motive Behavior

The existence of needs is judged on the affairs of man and his behavior. Needs and aspirations are attributed to such a magnitude, which can not be directly measured and observed. Researchers in the field of psychology have determined that some needs induce an individual to act. The feeling of need makes a person act to satisfy needs.

Motivation is defined as a lack of something that turns into a certain direction of action, and the person concentrates on achieving the result. The result in its final manifestation means a means to satisfy desire. If you achieve a certain goal, then this can mean complete satisfaction, partial or incomplete. Then determine the ratio of primary and secondary needs and try to change the direction of search, while leaving the same motivation.

The amount of satisfaction received as a result of the activity leaves a trace in memory and determines the behavior of the individual in the future under similar circumstances. A person repeats those acts that caused satisfaction of primary needs, and does not commit actions leading to failure to fulfill the intended. This law is called the law of result.

Managers in modern society model situations that allow people to feel satisfaction through such behavior, which is beneficial to them. For example, a person in the process of production activities should represent the completion of work in the form of a meaningful result. If we build a technological process in such a way that the individual will not see the final result of the work, this will lead to the disappearance of interest in activities, violation of discipline and absenteeism. This rule requires the administration to develop the production sphere so that technology does not conflict with human needs.

Interests

Human interests can manifest themselves as direct and indirect. For example, the expressed interest of each student to certain aspects of his thesis work, calculations, drawings is indirect. While direct interest can be considered protection of a completely designed work. In addition, interests are negative and positive.

Conclusion

Some people have few interests, their circle is limited only by material needs, so the characterization of the personality is determined by the desires of the person and the degree of his development. The interests of a banker may not at all coincide with the aspirations of, for example, an artist, writer, peasant and other people. How many people in the world, so many different needs, needs, aspirations and desires arise from them.