Perceptual - this is what? Perception and Perceptual Side of Communication

A rather popular subject of psychological research is the cognitive processes of man and animals. Depending on the complexity, it is customary to distinguish three levels of the psyche or mental reflection of reality: it is sensory and perceptual, representations and supreme - the verbal-logical level. Let's try to understand more in detail with the first.

Sensory-perceptual processes

Perceptual is a perceiver, if to say otherwise. Perception is a cognition and, as a result, the formation in the consciousness of a holistic image of an object or phenomenon of the environment. Immediately it should be said that the immediate sensations and perceptions are different. Despite the fact that without the separate sensations arising as a result of the action of reality on the sense organs (sensors), perception could not exist, it is not reduced only to them.

Sensations create a base, but perceptual is a qualitatively different process, more active and meaningful. For example, you can compare how you can just hear sounds and listen carefully, see and purposefully watch, watch someone or something.

Basic properties of perception

A large theoretical work is devoted to a detailed analysis of sensory-perceptual organization in humans, the author is the well-known Soviet psychologist BG Ananiev. From the point of view of specialists in this field, we can distinguish the following characteristic features of perception:

1. Subject: our perception is directed to the allocation of a certain object from the surrounding space and its study.
2. Structurality. For example, we can easily understand the text, even if the letters are moved in it. This is due to the fact that it reflects exactly the composition of the written, which remained the same.
3. Integrity, that is, the perception of the whole object or person as a whole, and not as a disjointed part.
4. Meaningfulness is the ability to understand the meaning of the image of perception, to determine its specificity and to attribute it to any category.
5. The permanence of the properties of things, despite the situation and the physical conditions in which a person perceives them.
6. Activity and selectivity of perception is a preference in the cognition of some objects to others.

Differences between perception and apperception

Along with perceptions, the concept of apperception is closely related to it. The perceptual process is perception. Apperception is also the reception and processing of visual, auditory and other information. Addition to the basic concept of the prefix is designed to show the whole complexity of perception. We do not just hear, see, feel the taste, smell and touch - the result of this passes through an individual prism. It necessarily includes the previous perceptual experience, on the basis of which judgment is made on the subject. So we compare each image with the existing standards of form - a circle or a triangle, colors - a green or a shade of a sea wave, etc.

Specific knowledge and skills, the current state mediate our study of the surrounding world and determine the differences in the perception of different people. Great influence is exerted by personal characteristics - propensities, interests, character, way of life in general, which influence, among other things, the perception of ourselves.

Perceptual communication

What does it consist of? As we found out, perceptual is a synonym for perceiving. You can perceive not only inanimate things, animals, the attitude is formed and in terms of "man-man." This means that even in communication there is a perceptual side. That is, this perception and evaluation of other people. Perceptual communication also involves the ability to feel the interlocutor and the mood, to understand his needs and desires, the motives of behavior.

There are a number of factors on which interpersonal interaction may depend. First, it is the fact of the superiority of the other in certain parameters, due to which he will be perceived as an authoritative personality and, accordingly, have a positive image. Secondly, the external attractiveness of the partner. Great sympathy is enjoyed by beautiful people. Thirdly, the attitude towards the observer. If the partner treats you well, then, most likely, it will cause the same reciprocal feelings. Each of these items can reduce the adequacy of social perception and significantly affect the impression of someone.