Ostrovsky's works: the list of the best. The first work of Ostrovsky

"Columbus Zamoskvorechye", the author of plays that turned the Russian drama into "real" literature - this is A. N. Ostrovsky, whose works from the middle of the XIX century became the main ones in the repertoire of the Maly Theater in Moscow. Everything that is written to them was done not for reading, but for staging on stage. The result of 40 years of creative activity was the original (about 50), created in co-authorship, processed and translated plays.

Sources of inspiration"

All Ostrovsky's works are based on constant observations of the life of various classes, mostly merchants and local nobility.

Childhood and the youth of the playwright were held in Zamoskvorechye - the old district of Moscow, which was mostly inhabited by the petty bourgeois. Therefore Ostrovsky was well acquainted with the way of their life and the peculiarities of intra-family and social relations. By the middle of the 19th century, the so-called "businessmen" are increasingly appearing here - they will enter the new merchant class.

Very useful was the work in the office of the Moscow Sovest Court, to which Alexander Nikolayevich entered in 1843. 8 years of observations of numerous lawsuits and quarrels of merchants and relatives allowed to accumulate valuable material on the basis of which the best works of Ostrovsky will be written.

In the work of the playwright it is customary to single out 4 main periods. Each was marked by a special approach to the depiction of reality and the appearance of bright plays.

1847-1851 years. The first experiments

Essays written in the spirit of the "natural school" and in accordance with the traditions laid down by Gogol, brought the beginning literary title "Columbus Zamoskvorechye." But pretty soon they were replaced by plays that completely supplanted the epic genres.

The first work of Ostrovsky - "Family Picture", first read by the author at the evening at S. Shevyrev. However, the notoriety brings "Bancrut", later renamed "My people - we'll count!" The reaction to the play was instant. Censorship immediately banned her (written in 1849, got on the scene only in 1861), and V.Odoevsky put on a par with the "Neradoslem", "Woe from Wit" and "Auditor". For several years the work was successfully read in circles and at literary evenings, providing the young author with universal recognition.

1852-1855. "Muscovite" period

This is the time when Ostrovsky joined the "young editorial board" of the magazine, preaching the ideas of soil-making and who was interested in the merchant class. Representatives of the social class, not associated with serfdom and not torn from the people, could become, in A. Grigoriev's opinion, a new force capable of influencing the development of Russia. By this period are only 3 works of Ostrovsky, one of which - "Poverty is not a vice."

The plot depicts the relationship in the family of the merchant Tortsov. The powerful and despotic father, Gordei, plans to extradite his daughter, in love with the poor clerk, for the clever and wealthy Korshunov. This is a new generation merchant who will never miss his. To convince the brother-tyrant it is possible to Ljubim - inclined to drunkenness, not saved up a condition, but in all following moral laws. As a result, the matter is solved safely for Lyuba, and the playwright confirms the victory of Russian folk culture and traditions over European ones.

1856-1860 gg. Convergence with the "Contemporary"

Works of this period: "Profitable place", "In a strange feast hangover" and, of course, "Thunderstorm" - were the result of rethinking the role of patriarchal merchants in the life of the country. It no longer attracted the playwright, but increasingly acquired the features of tyranny and desperately tried to resist everything new and democratic (the result of the influence of the raznochintsy from Sovremennik). Most clearly, this "dark kingdom" was shown in the only tragedy of the playwright "The Storm". Here there are young people who do not want to put up with the house-building laws.

Analyzing the works created in the 40-50 years, A. Grigoriev called Ostrovsky A. N. truly "the people's poet", which emphasized the scale of the pictures he portrayed.

1861-1886. Mature creativity

Over 25 reform years of activity, the playwright wrote vivid works, diverse in genre and subject matter. They can be combined into several groups.

1. A comedy about the way of life of the merchant: "The truth is good, but happiness is better", "Not all cats are carnival."
2. Satire: "Wolves and Sheep", "Mad Money", "Forest", etc.
3. "Pictures of Moscow life" and "prices from the backwoods" about "small" people: "Hard days", "Old friends are better than new ones", etc.
4. Chronicles on the historical theme: "Kozma Zakhar'ich Minin-Sukhoruk", etc.
5. Psychological drama: "The Last Sacrifice", "The Dowry".

A play-fairy tale "The Snow Maiden" stands apart.

The works of the last decades acquire tragic and philosophical-psychological features and are distinguished by artistic perfection and a realistic approach to the image.

The founder of the national theater

Centuries pass, but the works of Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolayevich still collect the sold out on the leading stages of the country, confirming the phrase I. Goncharov: "... after you we ... can proudly say: we have our own Russian national theater." "Poor Bride" and "Do not Get into Your Sledge", "The Wedding of Balzaminov" and "The Heart Is Not a Stone", "There was not a penny, but suddenly Altyn" and "To every wise man is rather simple" ... This list with the famous theatergoers The names of Ostrovsky's plays can be continued for a long time. Thanks to the skill of the playwright, a special world came to life on the stage, filled with problems that will always worry humanity.