Natural and artificial light sources: examples. Use of artificial light sources. Types of artificial light sources

We are always and everywhere surrounded by light, as it is an integral part of life. Fire, sun, moon or table lamp - it's all related to this category. Now our task will be to consider natural and artificial light sources.

Previously, people did not have clever alarms and cell phones that help us get up when it's necessary. This function was performed by the Sun. It has risen - people start work, village - go to rest. But, over time, we learned how to extract artificial light sources, we'll talk about them in more detail in the article. It is necessary to begin with the most important concept.

Shine

In a general sense, it is a wave (electromagnetic) that is perceived by the organs of human vision. But still there are frames that a person sees (from 380 to 780 nm). Before this, there is ultraviolet radiation. Though we do not see it, but our skin perceives it (sunburn), after this framework infrared radiation passes, some living organisms see it, and it is perceived as a person by the person.

Now let us examine this question: why is light of different colors? Everything depends on the wavelength, for example, the violet color is formed by a beam of waves of 380 nm in length, green at 500 nm, and red at 625. In general, the primary colors 7 that we can observe during a phenomenon such as a rainbow. But many, especially artificial light sources, emit waves of white color. Even if you take a light bulb that hangs in your room, with a probability of 90 percent, it illuminates it with white light. So, it is obtained by mixing all the primary colors:

• Red.
• Orange.
• Yellow.
• Green.
• Blue.
• Blue.
• Purple.

They are very easy to remember, many use such lines: every hunter wants to know where the pheasant is sitting. And the first letters of each word and designate the color, by the way, in the rainbow they are located exactly in this order. After we have dealt with the very concept, we propose to proceed to the question " Sources of light natural and artificial." We will analyze each species in detail.

Sources of light

There does not exist in our time any branch of the economy, which in its production would not use artificial light sources. When did a man first start producing artificial lighting? It was in the distant nineteenth century, and the cause of the development of the industry was the invention of lamps of arc and incandescence.

Sources of light natural and artificial - a body that can emit light, or more precisely, convert one energy into another. For example, an electric current in an electromagnetic wave. Acting on this principle, an artificial light source is an electric light bulb, which is so common in everyday life.

We said in the last section that not all light is perceived by our visual organs, but nevertheless the source of light is also that object that emits waves invisible to our eye.

Classification

To begin with, they are all divided into two large classes:

• Artificial light sources (lamps, burners, candles and so on).
• Natural (the light of the sun, the moon, the brightness of the stars and so on).

In this case, each class, in turn, is divided into groups and subgroups. Let's start with the first, artificial sources distinguish:

• Thermal.
• Luminescent.
• LED Light.

A more detailed classification will be considered below. The second class includes the following:

• The sun.
• Interstellar gas and stars themselves.
• Atmospheric discharges.
• Bioluminescence.

Natural light sources

All objects emitting light of natural origin are natural sources. In this case, the emission of light can be both a basic and a secondary property. If we compare natural and artificial light sources, examples of which we have already considered, their main difference lies in the fact that the latter radiate the light visible to our eye due to man, or rather, to production.

First of all, what comes to everyone's mind, the natural source is the Sun, which is the source of light and heat for our entire planet. Also natural sources are stars and comets, electrical discharges (for example, lightning during a thunderstorm), glow of living organisms, this process is also called bioluminescence (fireflies, some aquatic organisms living on the bottom, and so on). Natural light sources play a very important role both for humans and for other living organisms.

Types of artificial light sources

Why do we need them? Imagine how our life will change without all the usual lamps, night lamps and similar devices. What is the purpose of artificial light? In creating an enabling environment and visibility conditions for a person, thereby maintaining health and well-being, reducing fatigue in the eyes.

Artificial light sources can be divided into two, quite extensive, groups:

• Are common.
• Combined.

For example, the first group, all production areas are always illuminated with the same type of lamps, which are located at the same distance from each other and the power of the lamps is the same. If we talk about the second group, then a few more luminaires are added to the above-mentioned ones, which more clearly distinguish any working surface, for example, a table or a machine. These additional sources are called local lighting. At the same time, if you use only local lighting, it will greatly affect fatigue, and the consequence will be a decrease in efficiency, except for this, accidents and accidents at work are possible.

Working, emergency and emergency lighting

If we consider the classification of artificial sources in terms of functional purpose, then we can distinguish the following groups:

• Working;
• The duty officer;
• Emergency.

Now a little more about each kind. Work lighting is everywhere where it is necessary to maintain the working capacity of people or to illuminate the way for the going transport. The second class of lighting begins to function after working hours. The latter group is needed to support the production work in case of switching off the main (working) light source, it is minimal, but is able to temporarily replace the working light.

Incandescent lamp

Nowadays, incandescent lamps of the following types are used to illuminate production sites:

• Halogen.
• Gas-discharge.

And what is an incandescent lamp? The first thing that needs to be paid attention is that it is an electrical source, and the light we see is due to a hot body called the body of heat. Earlier (in the nineteenth century) the body was heated from a substance such as tungsten, or from an alloy based on it. Now it is made of more accessible carbon fiber.

Types, advantages and disadvantages

Now, industrial enterprises produce a large number of various incandescent lamps, among which the most popular are:

• Vacuum.
• Lamps with krypton filling.
• Bispiral.
• Filled with a mixture of gases of argon and nitrogen.

Now we will analyze the last question, which concerns incandescent lamps, namely advantages and disadvantages. Pros: they are inexpensive in production, they are small in size, if you turn them on, you do not need to wait until it flares up, the production of incandescent bulbs does not use toxic components, they work both on permanent and alternating current, it is possible to use a brightness controller, Work even at very low temperatures. Despite such a large number of advantages, there are some disadvantages: they do not shine very brightly, the light has a yellowish tide, they heat up very much during operation, which sometimes leads to fires when they come into contact with textile material.

Gas discharge lamp

All of them are divided into high and low pressure lamps, most of them work on mercury vapor. They replaced the incandescent lamps, to which we are so accustomed, but the gas-discharge lamps have simply a mass of minuses, one of which we have already said, namely, the possibility of poisoning with mercury, we can also include noise, flicker, which leads to faster fatigue, linear Spectrum of radiation and so on.

Such lamps can serve us up to twenty thousand hours, of course, if the bulb is intact, and the light emitted to it has either a warm or neutral white color.

The use of artificial light sources is quite common, for example, gas discharge lamps are very often and still used in shops or offices, in decorative or artistic lighting, incidentally, professional lighting equipment, also did not do without a gas discharge lamp.

Now the production of gas-discharge lamps is very common, which entails a large number of species, one of the most popular we will consider right now.

Fluorescent Lamp

As already mentioned, this is one type of discharge lamp. It is worth noting that they are often used for the main source of light, fluorescent lamps are much more powerful than incandescent lamps and at the same time they consume the same energy. Since we have already begun a comparison with incandescent lamps, the following fact will be appropriate: the lifetime of fluorescent lamps may exceed the term of incandescent lamps twenty-fold.

As for their varieties, they often use a mercury lamp resembling a tube, and inside it there are fumes of mercury. This is a very economical light source, which is common in public institutions (schools, hospitals, offices and so on).

Sources of light natural and artificial, examples of which we have considered, are simply necessary for man and other living beings of our planet. Natural sources do not allow us to get lost in time, and artificial ones take care of our health and well-being at enterprises, reducing the percentage of accidents and accidents.