BusinessManagement

Modern methods of studying control systems in the context of studying the genesis of a firm as a special phenomenon of the economy

Both general scientific methods of research of control systems and sociological methods of research of control systems determine several stages of the formation of a firm as an economic institution.

The first stage of research methods management systems define as the process of de-institutionalization of pre-existing subjects. It should be noted that this stage takes place in conditions of uncertainty and high risk. Institutes of command economy are "abolished", and new market institutions are in the process of becoming. Existing institutions are not enough to fulfill their primary role - the shock absorber of the uncertain future.

In this regard, economic methods of research management systems consider the activities of the firm, identifying it with survival in the new conditions, because it can not quickly adapt. Many methods of investigating management systems, like mechanisms, have not previously been applied either in the command or in the market economy, which gives them the right to call them unconventional: nonpayments and money surrogates, various forms of tax evasion and maintenance of a balance between payables and receivables, an increase The number of barter transactions and offsets, non-core trade operations, deferred payments,

According to a survey of a number of enterprises conducted in the summer of 2011, the share of barter, weighted by the size of the proceeds of enterprises, although not comparable to the 90's, but, nevertheless, is not yet outlived as an anachronism. The low level of competitiveness and the related sales problems forced many enterprises to resort to temporary full or partial shutdown of production and send workers and employees on vacation at their own expense. In the 1990s, almost half of enterprises resorted to these measures: 55% were forced to stop production, and 42.2% - to provide leave without maintenance.

Modern methods of research management systems prove that the purpose of the company at the first stage is to keep "afloat" in conditions of uncertainty and risk. However, this phase should have as short a period as possible, because the desire to use the situation of uncertainty to maximize personal profit leads to unsustainable functioning and as a consequence of the "death" of the firm.

Thus, the company's goal at the second stage is to increase the sustainability and efficiency of its functioning by transforming the internal organization.

At the stage of "firm maturity" the character of the firm's relations with the external environment changes. At the same time, "maturity" is the ability of the firm to actively engage in the formation of a convenient external environment for functioning, and for this they can refuse part of their profits by investing it in the transactional sector of the economy.

At this stage, the firm strives to transfer some of the risk to the relevant institutions (we will henceforth call them external), which reduce uncertainty and reduce the corresponding transaction costs. At this stage, the firm makes a demand for market institutions, and if the emerging demand is not satisfied with the corresponding supply of formal institutions (or their quality) by the state, actively participates in the formation of the institutional environment in which it operates. This participation should counteract the creation of "pseudo-institutions".

Thus, the goal of the company at the third stage is to maintain sustainable functioning through active participation in the formation of the institutional environment.

In science and practice, there are other approaches to the study of the company, as a phenomenon of business activity that is new for our economic reality. However, with all possible approaches, the basic, fundamental principle should be the provision on its consideration (firm), in relation to specific conditions of state policy and market conditions.

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