Education, History
Manual, mechanical and hydraulic guillotine. The guillotine is ...
At the word "guillotine" many people immediately see a terrible picture of execution in front of their eyes. It is believed that the instrument of death came up with the French. Indeed, France has created a guillotine in the form in which we are accustomed to see it, but before that it was used in other European states. In Ireland and Scotland, this deadly invention was called the Scottish Virgin, in Italy - Mandaia, in Germany - Fallbeil. If earlier this tool made people tremble from one of their species, now the guillotine serves the good of mankind. This device is now used for cutting metal, cutting paper and cigars.
What is a guillotine?
Inventor of the instrument of execution
For a long time in France criminals were burned at the stake, quartered or hung, only privileged persons were executed by cutting off their heads with an ax or sword to reduce their suffering. Dr. Guillotin, who was a member of the National Assembly, in 1791 for the first time proposed execution by the same method, without dividing the people into simple and aristocratic people. In his opinion, the guillotine is an excellent way to save a condemned person from physical and moral pain, because the gun was quickly activated and deprived of life in a matter of seconds.
Using the guillotine in Europe
Many very famous personalities were beheaded by a guillotine. This instrument of death was common in many European countries, but most of all it affected the French. During the Great French Revolution, many criminals were guillotined, this mechanism was used as the main instrument of execution until 1981. In Germany, the guillotine was considered the main type of death penalty until 1949. The German mechanism was slightly different from the French, had a winch for lifting the knife, vertical metal racks and was much lower. The gun was actively used in Nazi Germany to decapitate criminal criminals.
The history of the guillotine also left its mark in Italy. In 1819, this mechanism was recognized as the main tool of execution. The criminals decapitated near the castle of Saint Angela in Piazza del Popolo. The Roman guillotine had its own peculiarities in the design: angular "vice" for squeezing the body of the condemned and straight knife. The last time it was used in the summer of 1870, after which it was canceled. Cayenne from the XVIII to the XX century was a place of hard labor and links for political prisoners. In this tropical place, heavy fever often spread, and it was almost impossible to survive here. The prison of Sinnamari in the city was called the "dry guillotine".
Guillotine manual
Such a machine works thanks to the lever-spring mechanism. Manual guillotine, although it is the simplest equipment that does not require any cunning manipulation, but enjoys great popularity in production. With it, plastic, thin metal sheets, dense cardboard, rubber, plexiglas are cut. The machine is good because its work does not need to bring additional communications, it does not require electricity, it works in any room, and this in many cases reduces the cost of work.
Mechanical guillotine
Hydraulic guillotine
Guillotine for metal
Guillotine machines are mainly used for roll processing of metal, cutting into strips, cutting sheets in the transverse and longitudinal direction. Manual equipment easily copes with non-ferrous metal (zinc, aluminum, copper and alloys), as well as with thin steel sheets. Thin thicker material is handled by hydraulic, mechanical, pneumatic, electromechanical machines.
Guillotine for paper
When creating paper-cutting equipment, too, the terrible invention of Dr. Guillotin was used. Depending on the purpose for which it is used and to what extent, mechanical, electrical, manual and hydraulic types of structures are distinguished. The guillotine for paper is mainly used on an industrial scale. It is great for perfect cutting large paper bundles up to 800 sheets.
The knife of the mechanism cuts the fibers, and does not force them, it is possible thanks to the motion obliquely. The guillotine cuts a three-dimensional block of paper, leaving a perfectly even cut, and this is its greatest advantage. To improve the performance of the equipment, it is equipped with a ruler, automatic clamp and backlighting of the cutting line. In addition, if necessary, you can sharpen a knife on any machine.
Guillotine for cigars
Cigars are difficult to smoke, the guillotine makes a smooth cut, which makes the smoker more enjoyable from the process, because he does not convulsive, but a gentle breath and exhalation. Portable guillotines are one- and two-sided. The knives are sharp, so the deformation of the tobacco leaf is excluded. For simple users, it is best to use two-sided guillotines, one-sided fit for masters.
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