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Malevich's works by year: description, photo

The works of Malevich represent one of the most vivid manifestations of the abstract art of modern times. The founder of Suprematism, a Russian and Soviet artist, entered the history of world art with the painting "Black Square", but this work was by no means limited to this work. The most famous works of the artist should be familiar to any cultural person.

Theorist and practitioner of contemporary art

The works of Malevich vividly reflect the state of affairs in society at the beginning of the 20th century. The artist himself was born in Kiev in 1879.

According to his own stories in the autobiography, the artist's public exhibitions began in Kursk in 1898, although no documentary evidence of this was found.

In 1905 he tried to enter the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. However, he was not accepted. At that time, Malevich's family in Kursk had a family - the wife of Kazimir Zgleits and the children. In their personal lives, a split has been outlined, therefore, without even having acted, Malevich did not want to return to Kursk. The artist settled in Lefortovo in an art commune. In the huge house of the artist Kurdyumov lived about 300 masters of painting. Malevich lived in the commune for six months, but, despite the extremely low payment for housing, six months later the money ran out, he still had to return to Kursk.

Malevich finally moved to Moscow only in 1907. Visited classes artist Fedor Rerberg. In 1910 he began to take part in the exhibitions of the creative association of the early avant-garde "The Knave of Diamonds". Pictures began to appear that brought him world fame and recognition.

"Suprematist composition"

In 1916 Malevich's works are already quite well known in the capital. At that time the Suprematist composition appeared. It is written in oil on canvas. In 2008, it was sold at an auction of Sotheby's for $ 60 million.

The auction was put up by the heirs of the artist. In 1927, it was exhibited at an exhibition in Berlin.

Malevich himself represented it at the opening of the gallery, but soon he had to return, as the Soviet authorities did not extend his foreign visa. He had to leave all the work. There were about 70 of them. German architect Hugo Hering was appointed responsible. Malevich expected to return for paintings in the very near future, but he was never released abroad.

Before his death, Hering gave all the works of Malevich, which he kept for many years, to the city museum of Amsterdam (also known as the Steleleuk Museum). Hering concluded a contract, according to which every year for 12 years the museum had to pay him a certain amount. Eventually, immediately after the death of the architect, his relatives, who registered the inheritance, received the entire amount at a time. Thus, the "Suprematist composition" got into the funds of the Amsterdam city museum.

Malevich's heirs have made attempts to return these paintings, since the 70s of the XX century. But they were unsuccessful.

Only in 2002, 14 works from the Amsterdam Museum were presented at the exhibition "Kazimir Malevich. Suprematism". It was held at the Guggenheim Museum in the USA. The heirs of Malevich, some of whom are citizens of America, sued the Dutch museum. The gallery management went to a pre-trial agreement. According to his results, 5 out of 36 paintings of the artist were returned to his descendants. In exchange, the heirs refused further claims.

This picture is still the most expensive picture of the Russian artist ever sold at auction.

"Black square"

Malevich's "Black Square" is one of his most discussed works. It is part of the artist's cycle of works devoted to Suprematism. In it, he explored the basic possibilities of composition and light. In addition to the square, in this triptych there are paintings "Black Cross" and "Black Circle".

Painting Malevich wrote in 1915. The work was done for the final exhibition of the Futurists. The works of Malevich at the exhibition "0.10" in 1915 were hung out, as they say, in the "red corner". In the place where the icon was traditionally hung in the Russian huts, the "Black Square" was located. The most mysterious and most creepy picture in the history of Russian painting.

Three key Suprematist forms - a square, a cross and a circle, were considered to be the standards in the theory of art, which stimulate the further complication of the entire Suprematist system. It is from them that in the future new Suprematist forms are born.

Many researchers of the artist's work repeatedly tried to find the original version of the picture, which would be located under the top layer of paint. So, in 2015, fluoroscopy was performed. As a result, it was possible to isolate two more color images, which were located on the same canvas. Initially, a cube-futuristic composition was drawn, and above it also protosuprimatic. Only then everything was filled with a black square.

Also, scientists managed to decipher the inscription, which the artist left on the canvas. These are the words "The Battle of Negroes in a Dark Cave," which refer art connoisseurs to the famous monochrome work of Alfons Allais, which he created in 1882.

It is no accident and the name of the exhibition, which showed the work of Malevich. Photos from the vernissage can still be found in the old archives and magazines of the time. The presence of the figure 10 denoted the number of participants expected by the organizers. But zero said that will be exhibited "Black Square", which, according to the author's intention, is going to reduce everything to zero.

Three squares

In addition to the "Black Square" in the work of Malevich were several of these geometric figures. Yes, and the "Black Square" was at first a simple triangle. He did not have strict right angles. Therefore, from the standpoint of purely geometry, it was a quadrangle rather than a square. Art historians note that it's not the author's negligence, but the principled position. Malevich sought to create an ideal form, which would be quite dynamic and mobile.

Also there are two more works by Malevich - squares. This is the "Red Square" and "White Square". The painting "Red Square" was demonstrated at the exhibition of avant-garde artists "0.10". The white square appeared in 1918. At that time, Malevich's works, photos of which are in any textbook of art today, experienced the stage of the "white" period of Suprematism.

"Mystical Suprematism"

From 1920 to 1922 Malevich worked on the painting "Mystical Suprematism". It is also known as the Black Cross on the Red Oval. The canvas is written in oil on canvas. It was also sold at Sotheby's for almost $ 37,000.

By and large, this canvas repeats the fate of the "Suprematist construction", which has already been told. She also found herself in the collections of the Amsterdam museum, and only after the appeal of the heirs of Malevich to court, they managed to regain at least part of the paintings.

"Suprematism. 18 Construction"

The works of Malevich, photos with the names of which can be found in any textbook on the history of art, fascinate and attract attention to themselves.

Another interesting painting is the painting "Suprematism, 18 Design," written in 1915. At the auction, "Sotheby's" it was sold in 2015 for almost $ 34 million. She also found herself in the hands of the artist's heirs after a trial with the Amsterdam city museum.

Another picture, with which the Dutch parted, was "Suprematism: the painterly realism of the footballer." Colorful masses in the fourth dimension. " She found her owner in 2011. She was acquired by the Institute of Arts in Chicago for an amount that she did not want to disclose to the public. But the work of 1913 - "Desk and Room" could be seen at a major exhibition of Malevich in the Madrid gallery "Tate". And the picture was exhibited anonymously. What the organizers had in mind is unclear. After all, in those cases when the true owner of the canvas wishes to remain incognito, it is announced that the picture is in a private collection. Here, a fundamentally different formulation is used.

"Suprematist composition"

The work of Malevich, the description of which you will find in this article, will give you a fairly complete and clear idea of his work. For example, the painting "Suprematist composition" was created in 1919-1920. In 2000, at the auction, "Phillips" it was sold for $ 17 million.

This picture, unlike the previous ones, after the departure of Malevich from Berlin to the Soviet Union, remained in Germany. In 1935, she was taken to the US by the director of the New York Museum of Modern Art, Alfred Barr. For 20 years she was exhibited in the US within the framework of the exhibition "Cubism and Abstract Art". The fact that the picture had to be urgently removed - in Germany by that time the Nazis came to power, Malevich's creativity fell into disgrace. His Nazi authorities referred to the samples of "degenerate art." First, the director of the Hanover Museum hid the canvas in his basement, and then secretly handed over Barra, who took out the priceless work in the US.

In 1999, the New York Museum returned the heirs of Malevich this picture and several of his graphic works.

Self-portrait of the artist

In 1910 Malevich wrote his self-portrait. This is one of his three self-portraits written during this period. It is well known that the other two are kept in domestic museums. These works of Malevich in the Tretyakov Gallery can be seen.

The third self-portrait was sold at auction. Initially, he was in the private collection of George Costaki. In 2004, at the auction "Christie" in London, a self-portrait found its owner for only 162 thousand pounds sterling. In total, because over the next 35 years, its value has grown approximately 35 times. Already in 2015, the canvas was auctioned at Sotheby's for almost $ 9 million. Indeed, a profitable investment of money.

"The head of a peasant"

If you analyze the work of Malevich for years, you can establish a certain trend, through which to trace how his work developed.

A clear example for this is the picture "The head of a peasant," written in 1911. In 2014, at the auction "Sotheby's" in London, she went under the hammer for 3.5 million dollars.

For the first time the public saw this picture of Malevich in 1912 at the exhibition "Donkey's Tail", which was organized by Natalia Goncharova and Mikhail Larionov. After that, she participated in the Berlin exhibition in 1927. Then Malevich himself presented it to Hugo Hering. Already from him, she inherited his wife and daughter. Hering's heirs sold the picture only in 1975, after his death.

In the Russian Museum

The works of Malevich in the Russian Museum are very wide. Here, perhaps, is the richest collection of his works. To creativity of this reformer and teacher are treated with piety, his canvases are assigned the most honorable places.

In total, the funds of the Russian Museum today are about 100 paintings, plus at least 40 graphic works. Many of them with new datings. More precise. The uniqueness of the collection, presented in the Russian Museum, is also in the fact that the works are not just a lot, they still cover the widest range of his creativity. Presented as early works, almost the first experiments in painting, and later realistic portraits, which do not recognize the brush of the artist who painted the "Black Square".

Death of the artist

Kazimir Malevich died in Leningrad in 1935. According to his will, the body was placed in a Suprematist coffin, which is a cross with arms spread out, and cremated.

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