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January 27 - Holocaust Remembrance Day (class hour)

One of the most monstrous manifestations of Hitler's activities and ideology was the Holocaust - the mass persecution and annihilation of European Jews between 1933 and 1945. This was an unprecedented example of destruction in history along with the genocide of Armenians in the early 20th century in the Ottoman Empire. January 27, the day of remembrance of the victims of the Holocaust, was associated with the first release of one of the camps-Auschwitz.

The goal is to destroy

The main goal, set by Hitler's henchmen and authors of the solution of the Jewish question, was the purposeful extermination of a separate nation. As a result, up to 60% of European Jews died, which was about a third of the total Jewish population. According to various sources, up to 6 million people were killed. The liberation came only in 1945, on January 27. The International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of the Holocaust united the memory not only of the dead Jews.

In a broader sense, the Holocaust as a phenomenon of Nazi Germany presupposes the destruction of other national, homosexual minorities, hopelessly ill patients, as well as medical experiments. In principle, all criminal actions and the ideology of fascism began to be designated by these terms. In particular, up to a third of the total Roma population was exterminated. Not including military losses, about ten percent of Poles and approximately three million prisoners of war of the Red Army were exterminated.

Death machine

In the mass "cleaning" of human resources, the key attention was also paid to patients. Mentally ill and incapacitated were subjected to mass extermination. Homosexuals also treated them, of whom nine thousand were destroyed. In addition to extermination, the system of the Holocaust assumed constant improvement of the system of extermination. This also includes inhuman medical experiments, which were placed in the camps by prisoners and doctors of the Wehrmacht.

Indeed, the "industrial" scale of the destruction of people continued until the Allied forces invaded Germany. In this connection, on January 27, the day of memory of the victims of Nazism, united all the human victims of targeted extermination within the framework of the established system of camps.

The Hebrew term

The Jews themselves use the term "Shoah" much more often, which denotes the policy of the fascists for the purposeful destruction of the people and is translated as a catastrophe or disaster. It is considered a more correct term than the Holocaust. This term united all those who lived in the occupied territories and died in mass shootings, in camps, prisons, ghettos, shelters and forests, in an attempt to resist, as partisan, underground movement, during insurrections or when attempting to escape, Crossing the border, was killed by the Nazis or their supporters. The Jewish word turned out to be as capacious as possible and included all the representatives of the nation who perished from the Nazi regime, as well as those who had survived through the terrible tortures of captivity and camps. For all of them, January 27 is a day of remembrance for the victims of the Holocaust - a landmark, historic milestone that the Jewish people are unlikely to ever forget.

Figures of death and life

Immediately after the war, the first figures appeared, reflecting the monstrous crimes of the Third Reich in Europe and Russia. Thus, according to the earliest estimates, seven thousand camps and ghettos were organized to implement various goals in relation to "inferior" people - using as slave power in construction sites and production, isolation, punishment, and destruction. Inferior, in addition to Jews, included the Slavs, Poles, Gypsies, mad, homosexuals, terminally ill. At the beginning of the 21st century, it was officially announced that Nazis created about twenty thousand such institutions. To such conclusions during the research came the staff and scientists of the Holocaust Memorial Museum, which is located in Washington. Ten years later, the same museum announced that it had found new places for the deployment of similar death camps, which, according to their calculations, in Europe were about 42.5 thousand.

Difficulties in identifying victims

As is known, after the end of the war, the world public characterized the Nazis' actions as a crime against peace and humanity and decided to judge those who remained. At the famous Nuremberg trial, which lasted more than ten days, the official figure of the dead Jews - 6 million - was announced at that time. However, this figure certainly does not reflect reality, since there is no roll-call list of the dead. As the Soviet and Allied forces approached, the Hitlerites destroyed any traces that might shed light on the truth. In Jerusalem, in the National Holocaust Memorial and Heroism, there is a list of four million identified. But the difficulty of counting the true number of victims is explained by the fact that Jews killed in the Soviet Union could not be counted, since they all passed under the stamp "Soviet citizen". In addition, there were many dead in Europe, who had no one to fix.

When calculating summary data, scientists use information from censuses made before and after the war. According to these data, 3 million Jews died in Poland, the USSR - 1.2 million, Belarus - 800 thousand, Lithuania and Germany - 140 thousand, Latvia - 70 thousand, Hungary - 560 thousand, Romania - 280 thousand. , Holland - 100 thousand, in France and the Czech Republic - 80 thousand, in Slovakia, Greece, Yugoslavia, from 60 to 70 thousand people were killed. Whatever the complexity of the calculations, for all who honor the International Holocaust Memorial Day, the briefly announced atrocities of the Nazis are a crime against humanity.

Auschwitz

One of the most famous and terrible death camps. And although the Nazis here were quite strict account of prisoners, there is no uniform opinion on the number of victims. The world process called the figure of 4 million people, SS men working in the camp, called 2-3 million, various scientists call from 1 to 3.8 million. The release of this particular camp and designated January 27 is the international day of memory of the victims of the Holocaust. The camp, known in the world as Auschwitz, was organized near the Polish city of Auschwitz. From 1941 to 1945 on its territory were destroyed 1.4 million people, of which 1.1 million - Jews. This camp lasted the longest and entered history as a symbol of the Holocaust. Two years after the end of the war, a museum was built here, which was a part of the UNESCO World Heritage.

Since it was the first camp that was liberated during the defeat of the fascist troops, it became the quintessence of cruelty, inhumanity, the true hell on Earth. By the decision of the UN, January 27, the day of memory of the victims of the genocide of World War II, has become an international day of remembrance.

Three Steps to Solving the Jewish Question

At the international tribunal in Nuremberg it was told that the solution of this issue was divided into three stages. Until 1940, Germany was being cleansed of Jews and the areas it occupied. Until 1942, work was carried out to concentrate the entire Jewish population in Poland and Eastern Europe, which is under German rule. Then they were formed throughout the eastern territory of the ghetto, where they were isolated. The third period lasted until the end of the war and implied the complete physical extermination of the Jews. The order for a final solution of the issue was signed directly by Heinrich Himmler himself.

Before the destruction was planned, in addition to the ghetto, to separate them from another population, the so-called segregation, and also provided for the complete ousting from public life, the confiscation of their property and the bringing of Jews into a state where the possibility of survival would be ensured only by slave labor. The memory of these crimes is concluded in the events held on January 27. Memorial Day of the victims is dedicated not only to those who died, but, probably, first of all to those who managed to survive at the cost of incredible efforts.

Determining the date

It should be noted that the international day of commemoration of the victims of the Holocaust was not marked in the world chronicle of the war. The date was approved by a separate UN resolution, which was adopted on November 1, 2005. Then a special meeting of the UN General Assembly, dedicated to the 60th anniversary of liberation, began with a minute of silence. The country that became the source of the monstrous catastrophe of European Jewry also took part in the meeting. Democratic Germany, said then its representative, learned from the dangerous and monstrous mistakes of his past, the methods of managing the wrong, errant leadership. It is for this country on January 27, the Holocaust Memorial Day in Germany, that annual ceremonies on this occasion are a constant reminder of the mistakes. However, the German people understand their responsibility to this people and do not deliberately zamylivaet their past. In 2011, this day for the first time included the mention and the Gypsies as victims of the genocide.

Education of the younger generation

The committed atrocities of man against man remain in the history and memory of mankind forever. However, there are such crimes, a reminder of which must be repeated from time to time to prevent, protect, warn. It is to this crime that the planned destruction by the Nazis of all those whom they considered to be inferior races and not deserving of the right to live. For a better study of this period, schools conduct open lessons with a demonstration of documentary chronicles, including shootings made by the Nazis themselves in the camps and on mass executions.

"January 27 is a day of remembrance for the victims of the Holocaust" - a class hour with this name is held in many Russian and European schools. These lessons explain in detail the origin of the word and its meaning. In particular, that the word has a Greek biblical root, which means "a burnt offering". In the classroom, schoolchildren are shown monstrous slides with photos that have flown around the world after the international tribunal, fixes the meaning of the international tragedy associated with the Holocaust.

Light wedge came together

The first question that arises in the study of the Holocaust, why such hatred was caused precisely by the Jewish people? Why did the Jews become the main goal in the program of the destruction of mankind? There are no unequivocal answers to these questions to this day. One of the most common versions is that at that time, the mass consciousness of the Germans was characterized by anti-Semitism, which Hitler managed to inflate to an incredible size. That is why, under the cover of common interest, he managed to realize his goals for destruction.

Another reason for this connivance of the German people is that the property taken away from the Jews after the Kristallnacht in November 1938 was transferred to ordinary Germans. Among other reasons, the struggle for their property and for the leading positions that Jews occupied in society is called as one of the most probable. However, in addition to this, the question of racial superiority was at the head of Hitler's rhetoric. And all those who, according to his theory, were worse than the Aryans on the grounds, understandable only to the supporters of this idea, had to be destroyed. And January 27 is the day of remembrance of the victims of the Holocaust - this is a regular reminder of what orthodox worship and submission of any idea can lead to.

International Day of Suffering

Despite the understanding of the international character of the accomplished tragedy, for more than half a century there has been no single day in memory of the victims of those terrible events. And only in 2005 it was decided to choose the date, which was the day of liberation of the first Auschwitz camp - January 27. Holocaust Remembrance Day is nevertheless celebrated in some countries on its date. In Hungary, that day was the day of the mass resettlement of Hungarian Jews in the ghetto - April 16, 1944. The period of the uprising in the Warsaw ghetto, which took place in January 1943 and was suppressed elected as a memorable date in Israel. According to the Jewish calendar, this is the day 27 of Nisan. According to the Gregorian calendar, this date coincides with the period of April 7 to May 7. In Latvia, a memorable day was elected on July 4, when in 1941 all synagogues were burnt. October 9, 1941 began a mass deportation of Romanian Jews. This became the date of the Holocaust in Romania. The Holocaust Remembrance Day in Germany is celebrated, like all over the world, on January 27.

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