Inventions of Nikola Tesla. Nikola Tesla's experiments. Otkrytiya Nikola Tesla

There are few people who have not heard about such a person as Nikola Tesla. Closed inventions, secrets, interesting experiments and discoveries ahead of their time - that's what immediately comes to mind. Mysterious and the personality of the scientist. Who was this man - a madman or a genius?

Birth and childhood

Most people know about Leonardo da Vinci, who is rightfully considered a genius. And, perhaps, his worthy successor at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries was Nikola Tesla. The biography of this scientist always begins in the same way: he was born on July 10, 1856 in the mountain village Smilyan, which at that time was in the Austrian Empire, and now belongs to Croatia. Nicola was the fourth child in the family of a Serbian Orthodox priest, and after the death of his elder brother as a result of an accident in 1861, he remained the only son. He finished the first class here, in the village where he was born.

Later, the family moved to Gospic - a larger city, where the future great scientist Nikola Tesla completed three more classes of primary school. In 1873 he received a certificate of maturity, having studied at the Higher Real School in the city of Karlovac. His family remained in Gospic, where he returned after receiving basic education.

Education and further work

Having recovered from cholera and evading the obligation to perform military service, having fled to the mountains, Nikola thought about further education. Despite the fact that his father wanted his son to follow in his footsteps, Nikola preferred natural sciences, to which he had long been drawn. In 1875 he entered the Higher Technical School in Graz and Focused on the study of electrical engineering. After working for some time as a teacher in Gospic, where his family lived, he went to Prague to continue his education. But I studied at the Faculty of Philosophy for only a semester, after which I began to search for work.

In 1879, he settled in a telegraph company in Budapest, where he worked for the next three years. At the same time, he began his own research in the field of electrical engineering. In 1882, Tesla moved to France and moved to the Paris office of the Edison Continental Company, and two years later resigned, as he did not receive the expected award for the introduction of some extremely useful innovations.

Emigration to the USA

After some time he returned to the same company, but now flew to New York. Officially, his post was called "engineer for the repair of electric motors and DC generators." 1885 Edison suggested that Nicolet improve some devices for a premium of 50 thousand. The young scientist took up the matter with enthusiasm and after a while suggested several solutions to the problem, but he did not receive any money. Thomas Edison refused to pay them, saying that it was just a joke. Tesla immediately quit and founded his own company.

By that time he had already gained a certain fame and had enough A large number of patents. Having sold them, he received a sufficient amount to equip an excellent laboratory for further development. In 1899, Nikola Tesla, whose biography interests the people of the world so far, moved to the city of Colorado Springs, located in the central part of the United States. Subsequently, this settlement became famous not least due to the fact that for a long time there was located the laboratory of the famous scientist. At the end of the same year, another laboratory was opened - this time in New York. But soon, due to lack of funds, it had to be closed.

Areas of work

This scientist left behind him numerous works and secrets. Nikola Tesla was one of the greatest minds of his time, and yet some people think that this man was a crazy charlatan thirsting for fame and money. This is not entirely true, since the scientist's way of life does not confirm this.

Tesla was interested in many scientific fields, but first of all he was interested in electrical engineering and electronics. In addition, he was engaged in research in various fields of physics and engineering. With regard to this, he was also interested in the processes taking place in the atmosphere, in addition, he studied the phenomenon of resonance. As a result, the works of Nikola Tesla gave a powerful impetus to the development of many disciplines, and his developments are relevant even today, especially this Refers to the least known and literally mythical inventions. In addition, not all the manuscripts of the scientist have survived to the present day. First, some Serb records simply burned, considering their inventions too dangerous for mankind, and some works of Nikola Tesla are believed to have been seized by the US state services after the death of a genius.

Developments and achievements

During the entire period of his scientific career, the scientist received several hundred patents around the world, about one hundred of them in the US. Since the main field of his interests was electrical engineering, the works and inventions of Nikola Tesla mainly concerned the study of electric current and various devices.

Perhaps the most significant developments were the following:

• Study of alternating current. He studied the effect of electricity on the body, putting experiments on himself, and thereby laid the foundation for modern safety techniques, as well as new methods of treatment. In addition, he invented generators of high-frequency currents and a transformer, which until now many are called simply "Tesla coil".
• He described the phenomenon of a rotating magnetic field, thereby supplementing the theory of fields. He created multiphase electric machines, got patents on them.
• In an effort to improve the light bulb, invented by Edison, created neon and fluorescent lamps.
• He created the first wave radio transmitter, worked on the transmission of signals and energy without the help of wires.
• Invented a water pump, and on its basis - a dynamo.
• He designed an asynchronous motor.

It was the company of Tesla in 1893 that got the right to be engaged in lighting a major fair in Chicago. Prior to this, no comparable project of comparable size was realized.

The project of the Wardencliff is also widely known. To implement it, Tesla Turned to the banker for funding and received a huge amount for those times, as well as a plot of land on Long Island. It was assumed that the scientist will create a new type of communication that does not require wires and allows the transfer of various information over great distances. A tower was built and a series of experiments was carried out, after which the investor stopped financing because the scientist misinformed him about his field of work - the transfer of electricity from one continent to another banker was of no interest. The expensive project was closed, and this was the beginning of the end of the scientist's career.

In addition to sufficiently well-known inventions and works, there were others - unconfirmed, incomprehensible and mysterious. They were so incomprehensible to the inventor's contemporaries that they would say that the scientist sold the soul to the devil. Documentary evidence is not preserved, but there are still rumors about Tesla's involvement in the Tunguska explosion, the invention of an electric vehicle taking energy literally from nowhere, and other, no less mysterious devices and experiments.

Personality

Even in his childhood, Tesla was notable for some oddities. Pearls, peaches, sheets of paper, which were lowered into the water, caused him inadequate reaction. Also the child loved to read and possessed a wonderful memory. The boy adored moving games, and later - sports competitions. It is unlikely that then someone could predict that in the future his work will become world famous.

It was strange that in his youth Nicola was serious. He devoted himself entirely to science and in life was a lonely person. He was never married and in general gave up his personal life. Even after the acquisition of fame Tesla was popular with women, they often hopelessly fell in love with the scientist. And this is no wonder - he was quite presentable, and besides, it was none other than the famous inventor Nikola Tesla. The biography of the scientist was repeatedly studied by historians, and most of them came to the conclusion that his rejection of his personal life was absolute. But Platonic hobbies were - so, he kept the scarf of the great Sarah Bernhardt, whom he met several times.

Given that the great interest of the invention of Nikola Tesla, the very figure of his remains to this day quite mysterious. Unlike many other engineers, the scientist almost all of his inventions originally designed in the mind, only then he tested his thoughts and ideas in practice. This method is rather unusual and does not suit everyone. He worked on himself and constantly studied, not knowing how tired and not giving himself a break. The researcher tested everything, even the most seemingly absurd ones, of his ideas and relied on intuition. It was this persistence, a lively mind, curiosity and self-belief that gave birth to some famous inventions by Nikola Tesla. At the same time he paid Attention and physical health. Perhaps this is what allowed the scientist to live to a fairly old age.

In addition, Tesla was characterized by some, to put it mildly, eccentricity. So, he did not tolerate handshakes and in general contact with people. The staff of the hotel, where the scientist lived, could not get close to him. But he loved pigeons, fed them and talked with them. Birds and science replaced him with women, he did not even think about getting married.

The scientist had a tendency to some eccentricity. Collars and gloves, he put on exactly once and after that they were ruthlessly thrown away. And from his performances at exhibitions he sometimes did real shows. So, in 1893, to prove that the assertion about the danger of alternating current for a person is wrong, Tesla let through his body about two million volts. And while not only survived, in spite of fears, but also remained completely unscathed. As this story shows, Tesla, one might say, strove to demonstrate the results of his developments as clearly and effectively as possible. Some kind of shock was not alien to him.

End of life

Despite the fact that the development of Nikola Tesla was not distinguished by safety, it was not the scientist who destroyed this. At a fairly old age, just before the outbreak of World War II, he was hit by a car, and he suffered a broken rib. The scientist was confined to bed for a long time and was very worried about his homeland, which, of course, did not add to his health. In early January 1943, the scientist died in a hotel room in New York. Heart failure was called the official cause of death. Tesla was 86 years old.

The body was cremated, and ashes are now in the Belgrade museum of his name. Not leaving behind a monetary inheritance, since all of his money he spent on development and experimentation, the scientist gave the offspring something more valuable - knowledge, ahead of his time for tens and hundreds of years.

Value in history, use of works

It is believed that the brilliant scientist Nikola Tesla, whose biography and inventions are still the subject of careful study, for a long time ahead of his time and Laid the foundation for the development of modern electrical technologies.

Without his discoveries, the world would have been somewhat different, because some things that had already become habitual would not exist, and technological progress could have gone differently. Some of his developments, records of which have not survived, anticipated the inventions of recent years and decades. So, one of the latest patents received by scientists contained information about an aircraft that combined the features of an airplane and a helicopter. Who knows, maybe soon such a device will be constructed and will become firmly established. The very Tesla simply did not have enough money to build a prototype.

Radar, remote control, some kinds of light bulbs - this is just a small list of what one would not have to do without, do not make the Serbian genius its great discoveries. And you can only imagine how much there were, treat people a little more seriously. What is worth only Tesla's famous non-fuel engine. The scheme of this device is the subject of work of many scientists and simply enthusiasts, because it should be simple enough, since it could be constructed at that level of technology. In addition, the question of the energy source feeding the Nikola Tesla generator remains open. According to the scientist himself, they were broadcasting. Was this a drawing of the public by a genius or was it something that is not yet available to modern physicists and engineers? In any case, the followers are still trying to repeat some of the experiments and developments of the scientist, based on the description of the experiments. Unfortunately, few can boast of any kind of success.

Nikola Tesla's experiments brought to the world many remarkable instruments, gave development to many branches of physics and advanced science forward. And the world is still wondering if this man was a genius or a madman - his interests, experiences and developments were so unusual. Probably, that's why Nikola Tesla is still not forgotten by people.

Closed inventions

The name of the scientist was surrounded by numerous rumors. His figure was always covered with a certain aura of mystery, which only increased his popularity. And not the last role in this played amazing inventions and experiments, which at the present level of the development of science is still impossible to explain or repeat.

The popular rumor makes the most incredible and extensive lists, which include the secret and literally mythical inventions of Nikola Tesla. The most famous among them is the legendary ray of death, about which amazing legends still go. There is a version according to which initially it was a question of some concentrated energy, which could put an end to the war. Later the newsmen somewhat distorted the words of the scientist, and this is how the most famous legend about the ray of death appeared that can shoot down airplanes at a great distance and kill hundreds of thousands of soldiers. It is now impossible to say exactly what the device Tesla was talking about is now impossible-after his death all the documents relating to his developments disappeared. And during his lifetime, he did not provide any evidence of the existence of "rays of death."

The popular rumor also attributes to the scientist an important role in the Tunguska phenomenon. As you know, the case that occurred on June 30, 1908, was never fully investigated, it is believed that the cause of the powerful explosion was a meteorite, but its remains were not found. According to one version, all that happened is the result of one of Tesla's experiments on the transfer of energy over a distance. If so, then, perhaps, it can be considered successful.

In addition, they say a lot about Tesla's participation in the famous Philadelphia experiment, during which the ship and about two hundred people moved in space for several kilometers. The US Navy denies conducting such an experiment, so the rumors about him are, more likely, to urban legends. Be that as it may, the participation of the Serbian genius in the Philadelphia experiment is more than doubtful, because, it is believed, he was held in October 1943, and the scientist died in early January.

Much has been said about the fact that Tesla has achieved some success in creating structures from cold plasma. Allegedly the scientist received luminous balls about the size of a football, could easily carry them in his hands, put in a box, and at the same time remained unscathed. The structures were stable for several minutes. There are reasons to believe that these were fireballs, although there is no exact information, of course. Most likely, people just used to connect the most mysterious and unusual rumors with what Nikola Tesla was doing. It seems that everyone just wants to believe in miracles.

Mention in culture, perpetuation of memory

The mystery of the figure physics continues to worry the minds of the townsfolk even now. Great legacy, strangeness in behavior, extreme secrecy - all this helps Tesla stay in human memory even many decades after death.

So, the scientist appeared in the film "Prestige", telling about two rival jugglers. And interest in his inventions, appearing in the film, is only heated - they are so mysterious, although it is obvious that this is an artistic fiction. In fact, in life, a scientist has never worked on the problem of teleporting people. At least accurate information about this has never been.

His name is the street in several cities, the airport. He appears on Serbian banknotes and commemorative coins, he has monuments. In addition, an innovative American company engaged in the development of electric vehicles, took its name in honor of the man who created the prototype of a motor running on the current. It's not difficult to guess that the company is called Tesla Motors. And it is already known all over the world.

In addition, many devices are still in use simply bear the name of their inventor, who was Nikola Tesla. The coil, generator, engine and many other devices help to preserve the name of the Serbian genius in human memory.

And, perhaps, the main tribute to the memory of the great scientist - in the SI system, the unit of measurement of magnetic induction is called "Tesla." So this mysterious genius will remain in people's minds for a long time. And who knows how his developments will be used in the future. Perhaps, even with the current development of science, it is not yet possible to fully appreciate the entire heritage.