General Tyulenev: biography and photos

General Tyulenev is a veteran of four wars and the owner of military orders and medals of four states. From a young age, Ivan Vladimirovich decided to devote his life to military affairs and since then has repeatedly shown courage and heroism in the battles for his Motherland.

General Tyulenev became the prototype for the main characters of several novels and stories. In Soviet times, his life was set as an example for the younger generation. Tyulenev named several streets in the former Soviet Union.

General Tyulenev: biography

Ivan Vladimirovich was born in the territory of the modern Ulyanovsk region in 1892. His father was a veteran of the war in the Balkans against the Ottoman Empire. In the village of Shatrashany Ivan visits a local school. But then the events of 1905 take place, which seriously affected the life of the future commander.

The autocratic regime is increasingly tightening its control over all spheres of society. Workers work in unbearable conditions, and the peasants take away the land. The people are rebelling moods. Everything goes so far that the workers of St. Petersburg go to the Winter Palace to ask for an audience of the Tsar. But the rally brutally suppresses the troops. These events lead to a mass uprising of the working class throughout the country.

The rebellious father

Dissatisfied with the regime, Ivan's father joins the rebels. Together with other rebels, he set fire to the estate of the local prince. About these events, then, General Tyulenev will repeatedly recall. The family of Ivan has always worried about the justice and freedom of his people. But after the failure of the uprising, the father has to go on a run, fleeing from reprisals. Ivan is sent to Astrakhan, where he is arranged to work in the fields. He produces fish in the Caspian. Pursuit of the father already then laid in him hatred for the tsarist regime. After six years of hard work, the future general Tyulenev returns to his native village, where he is drafted into the army.

Getting Started

After the call of Ivan Vladimirovich sent to Kazan, where he serves in the dragoon regiment. After a short training he is sent to the front. The First World War began. The first fight awaits the young man in the territory of the Kingdom of Poland. At the river Pilica, his unit enters into a heavy fight with the Austrian troops. After that they go to Krakow, where they also keep the defense.

Fights on the fronts of the First World War are associated with a huge number of difficulties. Due to the poor industrialization of the Russian Empire, logistics is not working well. Troops move slowly, reserves do not arrive on time. The constant shortage of food and even ammunition for artillery. Despite this, future General Tyulenev fights bravely and desperately. During the fighting, he became a full knight of the St. George Cross.

The war in Poland

Division Tyuleneva made a daring operation at Panevezhis. On the battlefield the soldiers were taken to the echelons, and directly from them they went on the offensive, having thrown the enemy away for several kilometers. And the following summer the cavalry division fought on the banks of the Bzura, where the most difficult battles took place on the whole sector of the front. For the demonstrated skills Tyulenev promoted - he becomes an ensign, he is entrusted with a platoon.

Demobilization

After returning home, Ivan Vladimirovich sees hunger, poverty, tyranny of the tsarist regime. Tens of thousands of dead in an incomprehensible war are silencing the society with a silent load. The October Revolution begins. Like his father, Tyulenev joins the rebels.

The Bolsheviks were good at war veterans. After all, they were not only valuable fighters, but also a good tool for public propaganda. As part of the Red Guard, Ivan fights in the East against the White Guards. Immediately commanded a whole platoon, distinguished himself in battles not only with personal courage, but also with skilful planning.

In 1918, the Bolsheviks reformed their units, creating the Red Army. Ivan Vladimirovich goes to the Moscow refresher courses. After that he takes staff positions in various military formations. It mainly consists of reconnaissance units. Continues the war on the front line in the territory of the former Kingdom of Poland. After returning, he continues training, commanding an infantry regiment.

Storming the rebel fortress

At this time, unrest begins in Kronstadt. Separate parts of the ship brigades and residents of the city seize the fortress. At this time the young country of the Soviets is going through hard times. The post-war famine, the devastation and the economic blockade of the countries of the West struck very hard on the morale of the Red Army men and the working people. As a result, some of them raised a rebellion against the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. General Ivan Tyulenev, who was close to the scene, is critical of the rebels. The list of their requirements includes the restoration of free trade and handicraft production.

A few days after the failed negotiations, the troops went to storm the fortress. According to some reports, Ivan Tyulenev's unit was advancing along the ice. However, many modern historians consider this an artistic prikrasoy Communist poets. After the suppression of the mutiny, Tyulenev was entrusted with a new cavalry division.

The Polish campaign

After the suppression of the uprising, Ivan Tyulenev continues to occupy various posts in the working-peasant Red Army under construction. In 1939, the Soviet leadership decided to occupy the eastern part of Poland - the modern territory of Western Ukraine and Belarus. On the seventeenth of September, command letters are issued secret letters, which contain orders for the transition of the state border.

At dawn, the Red Army acts throughout the territory and quickly moves along Polish territory. The Polish army does not enter into military operations with the Red Army men, the local population also does not have any resistance. However, the operation was rather complicated, since the twelfth Tyulenev army had to maneuver within a few hours' drive from the positions of the Wehrmacht.

After a successful Polish campaign Ivan Tyulenev continues to advance on the steps of the military hierarchy. In 1940, along with Zhukov and Meretskov, General Tyulenev personally receives Stalin's personal approval. Education, obtained at the Military Academy of the Red Army (1922), allows him to command the military district. In this post he meets the beginning of a new world war.

The Great Patriotic War

In June 1941, the Southern Front of the Soviet troops was formed. On instructions from the commander in chief, General Tyulenev Ivan is in command of it. On distant fronts, he restrains the breakthrough of German and Romanian divisions. Against three hundred and sixty thousand people, the Nazi military machine exhibited six hundred and ninety thousand people and nearly a thousand airplanes.

Soviet troops managed to inflict tangible losses to the enemy, but at the same time they were constantly moving to the east. The Red Army initially had superiority in the air, but Nazi aviation began bombing airfields from the first days, many planes were destroyed right in the hangars. Those that remained, could not make combat sorties because of the damaged landing stripes. Seeing the difficult situation, Tyulenev gives the order to withdraw troops across the Dniester River. Stalin is unhappy with the actions of the general, this was reflected in his letters published after the death of the leader.

Despite the huge losses and the most difficult situation, Tyulenev managed to maintain stability and prevent the panic flight of troops that took place on the territory of Belarus and the Baltic States.

Retreat

Gradually retreating, Soviet troops lose territory. The next frontier of defense is the most important Dnipro river. In the city of Dnepropetrovsk, a fortified district is organized. The general of the army, Tyulenev, occupies the defense here. The shock German group is led by von Kleist, the genius of the breakthrough of defense.

But under the Dneprodzerzhinsk he suffered serious damage. One of the divisions occupied the defense in a semicircle and actually lured the Wehrmacht's tank wedges into a trap. When the Nazis entered the so-called fire bag, the signal flares signaled the beginning of the shelling. In this direction the Hitlerites suffered huge losses. However, the availability of reserves allowed them not to reckon with the number of deaths. By the end of the summer, Soviet troops had left Dnepropetrovsk to free the city only two years later. During the most difficult battles, General Tyulenev Ivan Vladimirovich got seriously injured. He was sent to Moscow for treatment.

Reserve Army

After the treatment, Tyulenev supervised the creation of a reserve army. After its formation, it merged with the active armies. In the winter of 1942 Ivan Vladimirovich goes to Tbilisi, where the headquarters of the Transcaucasian Front is located. He immediately begins to reform the headquarters. The defensive lines here are outdated and did not meet the strategic goals. Building the front's defense, Tyulenev took note of the possibility of a breakthrough from Turkey. The raids were set in a difficult mountainous area. In winter, many passes were closed, but the offensive was expected closer to summer, when the Nazis, hidden from the air reconnaissance, could break through the ridge.

Therefore, in the conditions of cold frost and heavy snowfall, the Red Army built fire positions. Almost every possible direction of impact was taken into account. Later, the Nazi offensive would confirm the correct location of the defensive lines of the Transcaucasian Front.

The Battle for the Caucasus

In the summer of 1942, the Nazis launched an offensive in the Caucasus. This direction was extremely important for Hitler, as he dreamed of capturing Baku oil wells that would feed his war machine carrying death. In his plan, the German troops were to attack simultaneously Stalingrad and the Caucasus.

On the twenty-fifth of July Army Group "South" launched an offensive on the Kuban. Soviet troops were defeated and began to retreat to the east. Rapidly moving forward, the Nazis could cut the front and surround the Red Army men, so the order was given to retreat beyond the Don. In August, Tyulenev puts forward fighters on the defensive lines near the Terek. The main blow took place in the Novorossiysk area. The city was almost completely captured.

Counter-attack

As a result of a successful counter-offensive, the Soviet troops succeeded in inflicting a heavy defeat on the Romanian army, whose personnel were almost completely destroyed. In early September 1942, the Nazis forced the Terek and began to advance on Mozdok.

Soviet troops took a stubborn defense, but a few days later they were thrown back. The fate of Transcaucasia was decided on the Main Watershed Mountain Range. General Tyulenev built his defense. Photographing from the air made it possible to have a detailed idea of all possible places for the enemy to break through. In the mountainous terrain, small detachments set fire positions and undermined the bare trails. In the event of a fall in defense, special measures were prepared to collapse the rocks in order to slow the progress of the Nazis. At the same time, a bloody battle for Stalingrad is played out.

In the autumn of 1942 the most bloody battles took place in the Caucasus. Despite the huge number of German divisions in this direction, the front of Tyulenev stood. Already in the winter of 1943 the offensive of the Red Army began. Novorossiysk and Krasnodar were liberated, a unique operation was carried out to land an assault and seize a bridgehead in the rear of the enemy. After the liberation of the Caucasus and the Kuban, General of the Soviet Union Tyulenev engaged in the defense of the southern border of the country.

Life after the war

In the postwar years, Ivan Vladimirovich occupied the leading positions in several military districts. And in 1947 the General Inspection Commission was established, in which General Tyulenev entered. Education and experience gained in the war years allowed him to improve the strategic plans of the Red Army. Ivan Vladimirovich Tyulenev died in 1978 in Moscow. In the Ulyanovsk region the avenue bears his name, since it was there that General Tyulenev was born.