Firefighting. Automatic fire extinguishing system

Fire has been used by people since ancient times, but it is not always possible to restrain it in a limited framework. But the flame is considered an element, it is sometimes difficult to stop. To ensure safety, an automatic fire extinguishing system is used. In this case, there are several types of such equipment, which has its own characteristics.

Automatic fire extinguishing system is a complex equipment of a multi-level type. Its work will be effective if important elements interact properly: smoke detectors and temperature sensors, fire detectors.

Purpose

The fire alarm and fire extinguishing systems independently control the condition of a certain territory. If an ignition source or a minor fire risk is detected, the equipment sends information to the control panel with various sensors and automatically extinguishes in a short time.

The systems became popular due to their multifunctionality and uniqueness. They are necessary for security in organizations and industries.

Characteristics

The fire extinguishing system includes the whole complex: monitoring of sensors, temperature, switching on of light alarms and sound notification, automatic start of fire extinguishing. The main advantage of the complex is the timely detection of a fire and the possibility of its occurrence after pressing the fire alarm button. Fire extinguishing agent is water, foam solutions, powder components and gases: argon, nitrogen, inert gases.

Installation of fire extinguishing systems involves a preliminary familiarization with the types of equipment, their characteristics, pluses and minuses. It is also important to know the principles of the operation of specific objects. After carefully studying the information, you will be able to choose the right system.

Automatic water fire extinguishing

This fire extinguishing system is considered to be the most effective and safe. Most fires are eliminated with this installation. But it also has disadvantages: exploitation is associated with large expenses for acquiring water, because it must be enough to extinguish the fire. Reserves of liquid are in special reservoirs and structures, stations. It is often necessary to create the remaining capital engineering structures.

The downside of the water system is the risk of harming material values and premises. These shortcomings can be eliminated if a special technology for eliminating fires with finely dispersed water is used. Then there will be a more rational consumption of the liquid and an artificial reduction in the size of the drops. Usually, when extinguishing, only 30% of the total water volume is used to eliminate the fire, and the rest is wasted.

When extinguishing with fine-sprayed water, a mist appears that has penetrating and cooling functions. The technology allows to reliably eliminate fire with economical water consumption.

Automatic gas fire extinguishing

Automatic fire extinguishing system is used to identify fires, rapid notification of a fire and its elimination by fire extinguishing gas. This method protects the equipment from corrosion. After the operation of this system, you only need to ventilate the room.

Installations are resistant to different temperatures, and their installation is needed in those buildings where the electrical equipment is under voltage. The work of the fire extinguishing system is carried out by means of the entry of a non-flammable gas into the combustion area. The option of elimination is locally voluminous and simply voluminous.

Automatic powder fire-fighting

According to the rules of fire safety, these systems are installed in public, administrative buildings, warehouses, production facilities. The fire is eliminated by quickly feeding a fine, non-toxic powder substance into the fire area.

This technology is considered convenient and affordable. At the same time, harm to the premises and equipment is excluded, which is an advantage of the method. The consequences are eliminated by cleaning the room. A disadvantage is a short shelf life.

Design and installation

The installation of fire extinguishing systems according to GOST standards is presented in the form of an integrated system of technical means for the operational localization of ignition by fire extinguishing components. As part of the installation there are tanks and devices with a fire extinguishing agent. Also there is a pipeline, sprayers, control and monitoring functions.

Installation is a costly step, so it is carried out after design. The last event is conducted on the basis of the following objectives:

1. The settings must be modular, connected to individual units to improve system performance.
2. Functionality is achieved through the availability of wireless Wi-Fi connection, which eliminates the failure of the installation of fire extinguishing with a break in the low-current line.
3. Installations must have several autonomous power supplies.
4. In the risk areas of ignition, powder or aerosol units must be used.

The design depends on the area of the volume, the state of the materials in its territory, the availability of personnel and the category of premises. Maintenance of fire extinguishing systems is a set of works performed periodically, for trouble-free and long-term operation of communications and reducing energy costs.

Selection rules

That the equipment worked qualitatively, it is necessary to approach carefully a question of its choice. It is important to consider the substance used in it. It must be specific to the object. The equipment must eliminate fire in the room before it is dangerous.

It is important that there is no risk of destruction of facilities, as well as great damage to property. It is necessary to take into account capital investments, expenses for maintenance, repair. The system should be effective, safe, and also with the ability to preserve material values. These criteria correspond to the gas method. Quality fire extinguishing equipment is necessary for various premises, since it ensures the safety of people and property.