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Electromagnetic suspension of the car: description, principle of operation, advantages

In the reviews of motorists on the performance of various models, a special place is given to the suspension. It has an insignificant effect on the dynamics of the machine and practically does not affect the ability to disclose its power potential. However, in terms of management and comfort, this component is very important. The stiffness or softness of the landing directly depends on how the chassis and bodywork has been implemented. More recently, a new concept for solving this problem has appeared: it is an electromagnetic suspension, the design features of which have caused many advantages in terms of machine operation.

General Information on Electromagnetic Suspension

To begin with, remember what functions the traditional suspension should perform. In essence, this is the transition link between the wheels and the body of the car. This component ensures reliable fastening of bridges to the frame and other components. In the process of operation, it is the suspension that translates the bearing structure of the torque and the forces that arise during the interaction of the wheelbase with the road surface. As a result, the individual parts of the car in the field of the body and frame provide the necessary character of the movement of the wheels. Now you can go to the electromagnetic suspension. The main feature that distinguishes this variety from classical aggregates is the complete or partial disposal of springs, torsions and other auxiliary parts of conventional suspension. In many respects, the functions of the traditional components of this node in the electromagnetic system are occupied by the motor.

Principle of operation

The function of mechanical systems is ensured by a group of elastic parts, and in hydraulic analogs the task of the working component is performed by the liquid. In turn, the electromagnetic suspension assumes the presence of a power plant, which is controlled through a computer. Functional element in this case are electromagnets. In practice, this means that the driver can monitor in real time the performance of wheels and aggregates, which cover the entire perimeter of the body. On the basis of transmitted indicators, the system can independently make decisions on the necessary adjustments, sending the appropriate signals.

Benefits

Comparing the effectiveness of the new system with traditional hydraulic and spring-type analogs makes no sense, since these are completely different devices. And yet from the perspective of the driver, the difference is quite substantial. First of all, the softness of the running gear of the car is noted, which does not at all contradict the high indicators of stability and stability. There are also advantages in terms of management. The presence of electronics, which controls the suspension, has long been not something exclusive. However, electromagnetic systems provide a faster response rate to the commands of the onboard computer.

In addition, there is an advantage with this type of suspension in terms of saving energy. The standard power is only 20 W, which makes it possible to use the power resources of the machine more rationally. At the same time, the electromagnetic suspension is quite versatile and even multifunctional. Preserving approximately similar functions, this complex can be transferred from an automated mode to a mechanical one. These are combined systems, which also include shock absorbers as spare parts for providing working effort. Combined, these advantages are responsible for the high reliability of the running gear and the safety of the car as a whole.

Electromagnetic suspension Bose

One of the most popular systems of this class is the development of scientist Aram Bose. In its interpretation, this complex is represented by a linear electric motor, which can work as a damping or elastic component depending on the conditions of motion. The damper rod with the presence of permanent magnets in the design performs reciprocating action along the length of the stator winding, which is located in the body.

In the process of movement, the device effectively smoothes out fluctuations that occur on uneven areas. The electromagnetic suspension Bose assumes a wide range of different settings. For example, in the process of overcoming a bend, the motorist will be able to adjust the signal circuit so that the outer rear wheel protrudes. And on the contrary, in the turn the suspension will switch the main load to the front part. As a result, there is increased control over the machine during the control process.

SKF pendant

This is a less common, but promising design from Swedish developers from the company SKF. In this case, we are talking about a combination of electromagnets and traditional elements that provide mechanical resilience. The device in appearance looks like a capsule, in which there are electromagnets. The computer's onboard computer processes information from sensors placed on wheels and instantly corrects the stiffness parameters of the magneto-damper component. Since the Swedish electromagnetic suspension involves the use of elastic carriers in the design, even if there is no signal from the computer, the system will continue to perform its basic functions.

Pendant brand Delphi

Delphi company offers a system with a single-tube shock absorber with filling in the form of a magneto-rheological composition. This is a special combination of liquid and magnetic elements that are contained in it. Due to the use of special coatings, fine particles do not stick together and occupy about one-third of the total volume of liquid. The piston head is represented by an electromagnet, which is controlled by the commands of the board computer. Under the influence of the magnetic field, the magnetic elements change the configuration of the arrangement, as a result of which the Delphi suspension corrects the damper settings. The merits of this design include the reaction rate, which does not exceed 1 m / s. It is in this embodiment that the electromagnetic system ensures the most economical use of energy resources.

Cost of suspension

The suspension market is still only developing a new development, but impressive test results already attract a lot of interested motorists. At the moment, an electromagnetic suspension is available for purchase, the price of which is on average 200-250 thousand rubles. For comparison, for a similar price you can get a high-quality pneumatic system, but, of course, the result will not be so sensitive in terms of comfort and handling.

Conclusion

The concept of the electromagnetic system led to the emergence of a whole trend in the automotive industry, whose specialists are engaged in improving the running gear. The main platform for work in this area is the front suspension of the car, although the possibilities of the new design allow you to focus on a wider scope in terms of technical implementation. Also, third-party directions are developing. For example, some of the latest modifications of the electromagnetic suspension are complemented by a full-featured power generator. This means that all the unevennesses of the coating, overcome by the machine, are transformed into electrical energy.

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