Economic accounting and its types

The economic account is necessary for the enterprise if it is engaged in development of any production. The object of its analysis are the processes occurring in production, and their assessment is carried out in both qualitative and quantitative terms. As material production develops, it becomes necessary to take into account the measure of labor and the measure of consumption. In general, this process is aimed at identifying deviations from the implementation of certain tasks, as well as searching for a way to eliminate them.

As for the main characteristics, the economic accounting is characterized by the following:

- When it is carried out, various variants of measuring instruments are used, the choice of which is regulated by the goals and orientation of the procedure.

- It contains data that characterize the period during which this analysis is carried out.

- Economic accounting helps to analyze the real state of affairs in the enterprise.

Its main goals and objectives are:

- Conduction of economic analysis, which concerns a certain subject.

- Evaluation of the appropriateness of decisions and operations carried out.

- Forecasting and development of options for further activities.

- Determination of the degree of risk in one area or another.

There are several methods, according to which economic accounting is conducted, and its types are also identified based on this classification. Thus, accounting, operational and statistical accounting are distinguished. It is necessary to explain the essence of each of them.

Thus, operational accounting is a technology that allows you to observe, reflect and control individual economic and technical operations directly during their conduct. This is done in order to carry out operational management. For example, this type of accounting helps to display a variety of production processes, in particular, the employees' exit to work, the registration of transactions conducted during the month, and so on.

Statistical accounting of economic processes is carried out in order to study and control the mass phenomena, as well as determine the pattern of their development. As the subject here are not only production processes, but also other social phenomena (the level of labor productivity, the average age of employees, and also the degree of their provision with housing). As for the methods used in statistical accounting, they are strictly specific. Among them are a summary, a grouping, a technique for averages, and so on.

Note that the results of operational and statistical surveys are allowed not to be fixed on special forms, because all production processes are not taken into account when conducting them.

Accounting economic accounting is carried out with the purpose of conducting reliable, continuous and legally justified analysis of operations in production. It is characterized by:

- Regular, complete and consistent reflection of business transactions.

- Mandatory documentary confirmation of all ongoing processes and actions taken.

- Generalization of data in monetary form.

- Use of techniques such as costing, valuation and billing.

If we consider countries with a market economy, then in them accounting economic accounting is divided into financial and managerial. The first of them consists of a set of rules and procedures that should ensure the preparation and publication of information consisting of the results of the enterprise as a whole and its financial condition.

As for management accounting, it is an internal activity. It is conducted in order to provide managers with information about the enterprise and its structural divisions.