Health, Medicine
Diaphragm of a person - relaxation is dangerous
The human diaphragm is the most important respiratory muscle. It is absolutely unique in its structure.
The human diaphragm is made in the form of a flat membrane stretched horizontally inside the body. It is the boundary between the abdominal and thoracic cavity. The composition of the diaphragm includes the muscular and tendon parts, the right and left dome. In addition, it contains openings for the esophagus and aorta.
The structure of the diaphragm contains a large number of muscle fibers. They start from the chest walls and converge, joining the tendons, in the center. Accordingly, the fiber attachment regions, the diaphragm is divided into the rib, chest and lumbar portions.
With contraction and relaxation, the respiratory membrane regulates the volume of the chest cavity. The human diaphragm also contributes to the inflow of venous blood to the heart by increasing suction pressure when the chest cavity expands. In addition, the respiratory membrane is involved in maintaining normal constant pressure in the abdominal region and stable anatomical interaction of the organs.
With traumatic or inflammatory damage to the diaphragm nerves, the acquired relaxation of the diaphragm arises. It manifests itself as a one-sided, persistent high standing of a thinned but not losing continuity membrane, provided it is attached to the usual site. Relaxation can be congenital.
There is also a complete and partial relaxation of the membrane. With complete relaxation, the entire dome relaxes, and in the case of partial relaxation, only the part rises.
There are cases of special surgical damage to the diaphragmatic nerves. This can be associated with the formed "free" pleural cavity, for example, with the removal of the lung. Damage to the diaphragmatic nerve leads to a relaxation of the membrane, it rises, thus reducing the "empty" pleural cavity.
Complete or partial relaxation of the diaphragm may be accompanied by a digestive disorder, respiratory depression, or a heart rhythm disorder. Accurate diagnosis of the disorder is established during the X-ray study.
During relaxation, the human diaphragm has a regular, continuous, arcuate contour. All the organs of the abdominal cavity are located under the membrane, there is no retraction on the walls of the intestine and stomach. With relaxation, the radiographic picture is characterized by constancy.
The complete or limited relaxation of the membrane appears mainly on the right side. This may be due to the presence of weak muscular tufts that extend from this side from the back surface of the sternum. Relaxation of the right dome of the diaphragm is accompanied by its arcuate protrusion towards the lung and deformation of the liver. In this case, the liver repeats the site of relaxation by wedging it into it. This circumstance is often the cause of diagnostic errors, since the relaxation area is taken for liver echinococcosis, although, according to some experts, the latter can cause a diaphragm to relax.
In many cases, such right-sided relaxation proceeds without symptoms. However, sometimes it is accompanied by various disorders (pain in the chest and heart, coughing or dyspepsia (digestive disorder)).
As a treatment, surgical intervention is prescribed. One of the variants of the operation is the creation of a diaphragm duplication by thoracoscopic plasty using allotransplants. This technique allows you to intervene at the initial stages of the development of the violation. At the same time, the risk of trauma during the operation is significantly reduced.
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