Currency operations of commercial banks. Operations other purpose of commercial banks. Concept and essence.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, the foreign exchange operations of commercial banks must be conducted exclusively through the Central Bank of Russia or through banks of a certain type that have a license to conduct such transactions. Transactions on the sale and purchase of foreign currency, carried out by organizations of Russia outside the above-mentioned banking structures, are illegal. Thus, residents who have a certain form of ownership are required to credit foreign currency to bank accounts, which is obtained as a result of foreign economic activity.

Currency operations of commercial banks and with securities are divided into current and operations, caused by the turnover of capital. Currency operations of commercial banks of the current type have the following forms: transfers to our country and from the country of the currency for settlement operations without deferred payment for the movement of goods, services and works, the provision of loans for more than six months, transfers of non-trade assignment to our country and from the country, Plus transfers of amounts, alimony and other property. Currency operations of commercial banks, which are determined by the movement of capital, contain direct investments and portfolio investments. In addition, transfers in payment of the owner's rights to non-residential real estate, as well as other transactions that do not relate to the current. Currency operations of commercial banks are carried out by residents without restrictions, which is facilitated by the resolution of currency legislation. But such a right has only those financial structures that have a special permit. As for non-residents, they have the right to have a settlement account in the currency of a foreign country and in the currency of our country, they also have the authority to unlimited transfers and imports of valuables in the currency in the Russian Federation while following the borders of customs control, as well as to acquire and sell foreign currency And the currency of our country.

Cash transactions of a commercial bank take place upon receipt of a license. Note that the main customers of commercial banks are individuals and legal entities. Organizations in the form of legal entities have the right to formalize an agreement with the bank for servicing the cash settlement type. All the above-mentioned activities of a commercial bank are carried out in accordance with the regulations for the implementation of cash work. That is, in order to carry out servicing of the clients of a commercial bank in full, it is necessary to create cash nodes in the bank.

Cash desks have the following contents: cash desks, cash desks of the account type, currency offices, evening cash desks, cash desks for advances, cash desks for cash counting and recalculation in monetary terms. In addition, cash items of the bank outside its limits can be constructed. Undoubtedly, they are created when there is a special license from the bank. Equipping and assembly of cash-in-place units must comply with safety requirements and basic rules.

Deposit operations of a commercial bank are conditioned by attracting deposits from the population. Thus, the deposit can be considered cash that is in the form of cash or non-cash property, in Russian or foreign currency, which are handed by customers to the bank for preservation under designated conditions, are determined by the credit institution itself. Usually, the terms of deposits are similar in different commercial banks. The essence of the deposit of commercial banks boils down to the fact that this is the main type of operations of such banks of a passive property, on this basis, deposits are the main resource for conducting operations of a credit active type.