Crimean National Park: name, description, photo

Few kind of leisure or leisure activities can compete with staying in the bosom of nature? Who refuses to enjoy the spirit of complete freedom, to breathe clean air, saturated with the aromas of herbs and foliage?

Depriving yourself of the opportunity to contact nature more often is a payoff for the benefits provided by scientific and technological progress. From year to year there are fewer and fewer places that would preserve their original appearance. The affected issue prompted the birth of eco-tourism, in charge of which is assistance in organizing cultural recreation. Without attention, you can not leave the reserves and the national park of the Crimea.

Crimean nature reserve: creation

Almost a hundred years have passed since the formation of the natural Crimean reserve. It was in the prerevolutionary year of 1913 that the tsarist government decided to create the "Reserve of Imperial Hunting". At the same time, such rare artiodactyls as the bison, Dagestani tour, Corsican moufflon, bezoar goat, Caucasian deer appeared on its territory.

Another 10 years have passed. The passions connected with revolutionary events have died down a little, civil war has died down. The Council of People's Commissars of the young Soviet state issued a special Decree on the transformation of the former royal reserve into a reserve. Initially, its territory had an area of 16 thousand hectares, but by the end of 1923 increased by 7 thousand hectares. Reserves and national parks of the Crimea are increasingly attracting tourists who are supporters of eco-tourism.

In the late 1950s, the reserve changed its status, with Khrushchev's light hand it became the Crimean state reserve-hunting farm, where only high-ranking officials could be. Only 1991 the government of the Ukrainian SSR signed a decree, thanks to which the territory again turned into a state reserve. It is located in the center of a group of mountain ranges under the common name of the Main Crimean ridge. To date, the national park of the Crimea occupies almost 33.4 thousand hectares.

Climate and flora of the reserve

Climatic conditions of the Crimean reserve can not be called stable. A huge influence on this factor is exposition of the mountain slope and altitude zonality. For example, in the uppermost zone, negative temperatures can be held for up to four months during the year. In the highlands atmospheric precipitation falls out in large quantities (more than 1000 millimeters per year), thanks to which the sources of many rivers of the Crimea appeared in the center of the reserve, including Tavelchuk, Alma, Kacha and others. In the mountains of the Crimean reserve there are almost three hundred keys. Many of them are curative, especially the famous spring of Savlukh-Su - its water is saturated with silver ions.

The flora of the territory under state protection is quite diverse, the number of species exceeds 1200. Separately, forests grow out of each other, where one of the listed tree species prevails:

• Pine Crimean and Scotch pine;
• oak;
• hornbeam;
• beech.

It is impossible to overestimate the significance of the forests of this protected area in terms of protecting the soil and conserving water resources. Not all locals know what national parks are in the Crimea.

Who lives in the main reserve of the Crimea?

Animals of the vertebrate class are represented by more than two hundred species. The noble deer or moufflon, which sprang from Crimean roe deer, should not cause surprise. Feel free to feel black vultures, whiteheads and owls, of which there are several species. The state has protected fifty-two species of animals, and thirty are listed in the Red Book of Europe. Among these belong:

• Stork is black;
• bustard;
• The crane is gray;
• owl;
• Scorpion Crimean;
• Starling pink , etc.

The rivers of the protected area can not boast a large number of species of freshwater inhabitants. But among them there are such rare fish as Crimean barbel and trout brook. There are not many corners of the planet where you can meet a freshwater crab. Nature reserves and national parks of Crimea are a natural property of the whole people, therefore people should take care of such magnificent places.

Here, especially for tourists, ecological paths and recreational areas were created in due time. Everyone who wants to get acquainted with the rich nature of the Crimea, is given a unique opportunity to see it with his own eyes.

Yalta mountain forest nature reserve

The year of 1973 for the reserve is 14 thousand 176 hectares. What reserves national parks are in the Crimea, excites many holidaymakers. In Soviet times, this territory was the main health resort, so people are wondering whether there are forest tracts and ecologically clean corners today.

On the slopes of the mountains of this reserve trees with rather high trunks grow - Crimean and common pine. The thickets of oak and beech are sometimes replaced by the undergrowth, which consists of evergreens from the Mediterranean. And this is not surprising, because the climate at the foot is the same as in the Mediterranean resorts. The higher the slope, the more noticeable the contrast.

Protected plants of the reserve

The number of species of plants that need protection from the state equals 78. Here are some of them:

• Adenophore Crimean;
• Adianum (or venene hair);
• Strawberry small-fruited;
• Juniper tall ;
• Cedar crimson;
• Crimean peony;
• Crimean violet;
• The Bieberstein ghost and others.

There are also such species that have become widespread only within the protected area (scientific term - "endemic species"), for example:

• Convolvulus;
• Cloves are low;
• Geraniums of the Crimea;
• Dubrovnik Yailinsky;
• Crimean peony, etc.

Such national parks of Crimea should be under special protection. The list of park zone names can be found in this article.

Nature of the reserve

In a rare grass, reptiles creep or bask on the rocks: the Crimean lizard, the Crimean gecko, the stalk, the yellow-belly (legless lizard), the medynka (from the family of the same). Under the reliable protection of the state there are animals from the genus of bats: batts, night stork, horseshoe and vespers.

The pride of the Yalta Reserve can be considered Ai-Petri, the Wuchang-Su waterfall (only 8 km from Yalta), the Three-Eagle Cave on Ai-Petri, the Devil's Ladder Pass (or in the Turkic version of Shaitan-Merdven).

Employees of the Yalta Reserve pay particular attention to educating the public about environmental issues. This goal is served by ecological trails and routes for all who want more information about local attractions. The national parks of the Crimea are becoming increasingly popular. The names of these places were approved back in the days of the USSR. It is important to take care of these places carefully, so that our ancestors too can appreciate the natural beauty of Russia.

Azov-Sivash National Nature Park

This park appeared almost twenty years ago - in 1993. Prior to this, there was the Azov-Sivash nature reserve. Although the natural park is considered Crimean, however, some part is within the Kherson region. In other words, it occupies the western coast of the Azov Sea with an area of 57,400 hectares.

The lion's share of the park is located on a sea spit called Biruchiy Island and other small islands located nearby. Nearly fifty species of fauna species that inhabit the Azov-Sivash national park have entered the Red Book. Of course, the main national park of Crimea can not be compared with this territory.

Cape Martyan Nature Reserve

If you drive a little in the east direction of the famous Nikitsky Botanical Garden, then the Cape Martyan reserve will be on the way. The entire area of its territory, including the Black Sea water area, is 240 hectares. The status of the reserve was appropriated to him in 1973, although the state took it back as far back as 1947.

The reserve's business card is a relic forest, where at least five hundred species of vegetation grow, mostly belonging to the Mediterranean type. The name "Strawberry tree red" (or "Strawberry small-fruited") can be found in the International Red Book. It is the rarest representative of broad-leaved evergreen trees, which are found mainly in the eastern part of the European continent. This is also a national park of the Crimea, therefore, to the inhabitants and plants of this area are treated in a special way.

Reserve "Lebyazhyi Ostrov"

In the Karkinitsky Bay - part of the Black Sea, bounded by the north-western Crimean coastline - there are the Lebyazhy Islands and a reserve with the same name. Its total area is 9612 hectares.

The reserve is part of the trajectory, through which birds fly from Europe to the south (to Asia, Africa). The islands were chosen cormorants, flamingos, silver gulls, herons, etc. for the construction of their nests. Altogether there are up to 265 species of birds.

Everyone should visit the national parks of the Crimea, a list of which is presented in this article. These places admire and amaze with its naturalness.