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Constructivism in architecture

Constructivism is usually called avant-garde trends in architecture, arts and crafts and fine arts and photography. This style was developed in the period from 1920 to the beginning of the next decade.

The main characteristic features of Constructivism are strictness, conciseness of forms, geometrism and monolithic appearance. The constructivists even created their official creative organization and developed their own functional design method. This method is based on a scientific analysis of the functioning of structures, buildings, complexes. Constructivism in architecture was preserved in its characteristic monuments - kitchen factories, labor palaces, workers' clubs, communal houses, which were built in those days.

Those creative views that unite the notion of "constructivism" are embodied not only in architecture, but also in other spheres of human activity, for example, in literature.

Despite the fact that this direction is considered a Soviet phenomenon, like any other current, it is not limited to the countries of the former USSR. Perhaps for some it will be news, but the forerunner of the style of constructivism in architecture is also the Eiffel Tower, combining both constructivist and modern elements.

Such a flow originated in the conditions of a continuous search for something new. The innovators of that time offered up the rejection of "art for art's sake," and believed that it should serve the production. Adherents of this opinion called on artists and architects to create only useful things, thus ensuring a good life in the comfortable towns. The term "constructivism" brought the theorists of "industrial art" into Russian, the main reason for this was the frequent use in the pamphlets and speeches of architects of the words "constructive", "construction", "construction".

The architecture of constructivism, like any other direction, has its own bright representatives. These are the brothers Leonid, Victor and Alexander Vesnin who realized the laconic aesthetics of this direction, being already experienced specialists in the field of designing buildings, painting and decorating books. The project of the brothers stood out at the competition of projects of the building of the Palace of Labor in the city of Moscow. A rational plan, the conformity of the external appearance to the aesthetics of modernity, the use of the newest designs and building materials - all this became the impetus to the development of the direction of "constructivism".

Architecture - the concept is very difficult, and the next stage for Vesnin proved to be somewhat more complicated than the previous one. So, they had to design the building of the newspaper "Leningradskaya Pravda" on a tiny plot of land. The brothers built a small six-story building, but there was everything: the office space, the editorial rooms, the newsstand, the lobby, and the small reading room, because the ability to group many of the necessary premises in one is the main task of the constructivists.

As mentioned above, constructivism in architecture had its own functional method. According to constructivists, each function corresponds to the most rational structure.

There was a time when the current was criticized by conservatives defending the right to use traditional forms, later it was banned. In the Soviet Union, there was an active struggle against bourgeois formalism and direct angles. When the constructivists found themselves in disgrace, part of the architects forgot, the part - adapted to the changes. Some Soviet scientists argue that the current was replaced by post-constructivism.

Constructivism in architecture once again manifested itself in the 1960s, when the struggle against "architectural excesses" began, and in the early 1990s some of the non-embodied ideas of the 1920s became a reality. Today, this trend is increasingly manifested in the architecture of large cities.

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