Circulation pumps for heating systems: technical characteristics, operating principle, instruction, feedback

When solving problems of heating for a house, it is necessary to take into account the total number of square meters. When the calculation of the area is carried out not by units, but by hundreds, and in the building not one floor, the system with natural circulation does not cope with its tasks. In such systems, the pressure in most cases is not higher than 0.6 MPa, for this reason a pump can not be dispensed with. From the article below you can find out what circulating pumps are for heating systems, the technical characteristics of these devices, the principle of operation, and how to choose them correctly.

Principle of operation

Structurally, this pumping equipment resembles a drainage system: the body is made of stainless metals, equipped with a rotor and a shaft equipped with an impeller.

Consider circulating pumps for heating systems. The principle of operation is based on the following:

• The electric motor is driven by a rotor. Such a system takes water from one side, and on the other hand pumps it into the pipeline.
• By means of centrifugal force the coolant moves through the heating system.
• The pump helps overcome the resistance, which invariably occurs on individual sections of the pipeline.

Varieties

So, there are two main types of pumps: with a "wet" rotor and a "dry" rotor. What does this mean? Let's consider in more detail these circulating pumps for heating systems, technical characteristics of these devices, too, will not be ignored.

"Dry"

In this case, the rotor is in no way in contact with the coolant - its working part is separated from the engine by means of O-rings. The efficiency of pumping equipment of this design reaches about 80%. However, the operation of the "dry" rotor is accompanied by a noise effect.

"Wet"

Circulating pumps for heating systems (how to choose this equipment, we will consider below) with a "wet" rotor, on the contrary, are immersed in the coolant together with the impeller, which cools the electric motor while playing the role of lubricant. In this regard, the noise level, which is created by the engine, is much lower. This type of engine does not require special maintenance for a long time. However, compared to the previous version, its performance is not so effective - the efficiency is reduced to 50%. Quietly operating equipment of "wet" type is traditionally used in domestic heating systems for coolant circulation.

Circulating pumps for heating systems: how to choose?

When choosing pumping equipment for a heating system, it is recommended that certain parameters are taken into account. Let us consider them in more detail.

Diameter of the pipeline

Typical sizes of pipelines in the place of connection of the pump to your heating system can be from 25 to 32 mm. When choosing pumping equipment, you need to make sure that the nuts are included in the kit , which are necessary for its quick installation and dismantling.

Performance

The performance of pumping equipment is the main parameter, which is the volume of the heat carrier that pumps circulating pumps for heating systems. The technical characteristics of the pump in this case depend on the performance, which is defined as follows:

Q = N / (t ₂ - t ₁ ), where:

• Q is the flow rate of pumping equipment.
• N - power (index) of the heat source, which can be a gas boiler or column.
• T ₁ is the temperature of the liquid circulating in the return line. As a rule, it is from + 60 ° C to + 70 ° C.
• T ₂ is the temperature of the fluid in the supply line, that is, the one that moves in the direction from the heat source. Typically, boilers maintain a temperature of + 90 ° C to + 95 ° C.

Calculation of the future heating system, hydraulic calculation, as well as calculation of its losses are carried out with the goal of correctly selecting the pump design parameters, which will later overcome the resistance in the system.

System elevation level

This is an indicator of the maximum possible pressure, which the heating system is capable of. The level of lifting in the system reflects the total index of hydraulic resistance in the system as a whole.

When calculating the hydraulic resistance, the storey of a heated structure with a closed heating system does not have a determining value, on average it is about 2-4 m of water. Pillar. For heating systems installed in low-rise buildings traditionally, this parameter is identical.

The diameter of the connection and the maximum head are indicated in the marking of the pumping equipment. For example, consider circulating pumps for Grundfos heating systems. The characteristics of the Grundfos UPS 25-60 pump are as follows: the diameter of the pipeline to be connected must be 25 mm, and its head is 6 m of water. Pillar.

Also there is a pumping equipment of this firm with a lifting height of 3, 4 and 8 meters. In such a case, the numbers 30, 40 and 80 are indicated on their labeling, respectively.

Also consider circulating pumps for Wilo heating systems (the selection guide is similar to the previous version). For example, a Wilo Star-RS 30/6 pump can be connected to a 30 mm pipeline, and its head is 6 m of water. Pillar.

Need for energy

In addition, there is another parameter that needs to be taken into account, albeit indirectly. This is the building's need for warmth. The value of this parameter is indicated in the building's passport while it is being designed. If these data are not available, then it is not difficult to calculate them by yourself.

For each country per 1 m ² , their heat standards are adopted. According to European standards for heating 1 m ^{2 of a} single-family or two-apartment house will require 100 W and 70 W - for multi-apartment. Russian standards are established for each specific region in accordance with the requirements of the SNiP.

Electricity consumption

Any pumping equipment has up to three positions of connection to the electrical network. On the body of the device is a plate that contains information on the electric current it consumes. Each position of the switch will correspond to the new capacity of the equipment, namely the amount of coolant per hour pumped by the pump through the heating system. The third position corresponds to the maximum possible pump capacity. The maximum consumption is indicated on the case of the device.

Serially produced circulating pumps for heating systems, technical characteristics are averaged. Therefore, it is important to consider the individuality of your heating system. What is the increased noise in pipelines resulting from excessive pump power (this is noted in the feedback of users) when the system is active?

Expert Reviews

The modern market offers a lot of different pumps for heating. Specialists among foreign manufacturers distinguish circulating pumps Grundfos and Lowara. Also high-quality high-tech products are supplied by the Italian manufacturers of circulating pumps Ebara and Speroni.

Circulating pumps for heating systems "Sprut" at relatively low capacities are characterized by high efficiency. If you are planning to increase the operational life of the boiler, save energy, and also provide the optimal thermal conditions in the premises, then this equipment will suit you as well as possible.

At present, there are many modifications and types of pumping equipment. In most cases, a model range with a different cross-section, performance and head is presented. As a result, the consumer can choose the best option for his heating system.

The principle of the pumps is organized in such a way that the required fluid pressure is provided by means of special rotors. As already mentioned above, rotary pumps are divided into "wet" and "dry". The difference is only in the conditions of the equipment operation and its ability to interact with the coolant. If you decide to purchase "dry" or submersible equipment, then the ideal option will be circulating pumps for Wilo heating systems - customer reviews about them are mostly positive. Trademark Wilo has long established itself as a manufacturer of durable and high-quality products.