Cellular organoids and their functions: diversity, functions and properties

A cell is a unit of life on our planet, there is no life outside the cell. That is why all the features of the vital activity of organisms are determined based on the characteristics of the cells that determine the organoids of the cell and their functions.

Of the many properties of the cell, the most important are: a strictly defined structure, the ability to metabolize - the production of metabolism and energy, the ability to respond to external stimuli: objects and phenomena. In addition, the functions of organelles of the cell determine such properties as the ability to grow and develop, as well as reproduction and restoration - regeneration.

Just as the animal or plant organism consists of separate organs and their systems, the cell consists of organoids. Considering the cell organelles and their functions, it is important to note the external structure of the cell. Outside, the "unit of life" is covered with a membrane, which serves as a delimiter barrier, separating the external environment from the inner contents of the cell. In this case, the membrane performs protective and demarcating functions, and also takes environmental stimuli (the receptor function) and carries out the transport of substances.

Cellular organoids, their structure and functions

The existence of the cell and its components would have been impossible if it had not been filled with a special fluid-the cytoplasm. It is the cytoplasm that produces the transport of substances within the cell like blood and lymph in our body. In this case, the cytoplasm creates the effect of intercellular interaction due to various kinds of processes, cilia, villi. Some of these processes (for example, flagella or cilia) can perform a motor function, and other outgrowths of the cell are not capable of movement.

Mitochondria is one of the most important organelles of the cell that participates in respiration processes "units of life" and transforms various forms of energy into the species that is accessible to the cell. In fact, mitochondria are the energy base of a cell, and therefore the amount of these organoids depends on the functions that the cell performs, and, accordingly, on its energy needs . It is noteworthy that the mitochondria contain their own DNA chain, in which up to 2% of the DNA of the cell itself is concentrated.

Another organoid involved in the process of metabolism is the ribosome. It is this cell element that produces protein synthesis. It is important to note that proteins are present in all cells of the human body, with the exception of erythrocytes. Ribosomes freely located in the cytoplasm, and the process of protein synthesis is associated with the phenomenon of transcription - the copying of information that is recorded in DNA.

Cellular organelles and their functions would not make any sense in nature, if there was no nucleus in the cell. This organelle is noteworthy in that it contains a very important substance - chromatin, which is the basis for the formation of chromosomes. It is the chromosomes that transmit hereditary information about the cell during reproduction. Therefore, chromatin is formed by DNA and a small amount of RNA. In addition, the core includes the nucleolus - the body in which the synthesis of new ribosomes. The size of the nucleolus varies depending on how intensively the protein synthesis in the cell passes .

In conclusion, we note that when considering organelles of a cell and their functions, it is very difficult to identify any one "organ of a unit of life" that could be designated as the main one. Conditionally, such an organoid is chosen by the nucleus, as in humans the heart is considered to be the main organ. In reality, all organoids support a variety of chemical, physical and biological processes, thanks to which the cell performs a complex of various functions that are united under the general concept of life.