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Apartment-museum of Dostoevsky in Moscow: address, description and photo

Creativity FM Dostoevsky, who spent most of his troubled life in St. Petersburg, knows and appreciates the whole world. A great writer was born and raised in Moscow. It created in 1928 the apartment-museum of Dostoevsky. She with a high degree of reliability recreates the situation in which the little Fedya lived with his parents and brothers.

Where is the museum

On the street. Dostoyevsky, d. 2, there is a museum-apartment of Dostoevsky, whose address we have already indicated. In pre-revolutionary Russia there was the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, which was established by the wife of the late Paul I. A strict classical stone building with a colonnade was built by I. Zhylyardi and A. Mikhailov in 1806 according to the project of D. Quarenghi. The hospital has changed its purpose these days. True, it remained a medical institution, in which the research institutes of Phthisiopulmonology and the Russian Society of Phthisiatricians were accommodated. Street Novaya Bozhedomka, as before 1954 was called the street of Dostoevsky, is in the center.

What the young Fedor saw from childhood

The new Bozhedomka in the XIX century was not a prestigious place. It was quite a provincial area outside the Boulevard Ring. In the house of God brought to the dead people suddenly found dead, killed in fights or in robbery, as well as suicides. Such charitable institutions were rushed by beggars or very poor patients, of whom long queues were built. For the Dostoevsky brothers, this was the usual picture. Contrary to the prohibitions of their parents, they communicated with the gollyba. In the hospital courtyard of Bozhedomka, the young Fedor began to enter poor, "humiliated and offended" people. Especially he was shocked in adolescence by the story of a raped girl. This real episode of life was included in his work as a motif of a desecrated and desecrated childhood, trampled in the mud. So from an early age Fyodor Mikhailovich learned compassion.

How did the museum start?

After the death of Fyodor Mikhailovich in 1881, his widow Anna Grigorievna began to actively collect all manuscripts, books, letters, photographs, personal belongings. More than a thousand exhibits were placed in 1889 in the repository of the Historical Museum in Moscow. It was the Museum of the Memory of FM Dostoevsky. However, he failed to attract the attention of the general public, as he existed in isolation from the memorial space. During the revolutionary storms, many documents were lost. So, till now it is not known where the white and rough manuscripts of the novel "The Brothers Karamazov" are located. To everyone who could see the place where the childhood and adolescence of the future writer passed, it was decided to create an apartment-museum of Dostoevsky, and it was opened in Moscow in 1928.

Moving in

In the Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor, a former military doctor, Mikhail Andreevich, a father of a large family in the future, worked as a physician. And while in 1821, when the family occupies a small room in the right wing, the second son Fedenka is born. Two years later the whole family moved to the first floor of the left, northern wing, where the apartment-museum of Dostoevsky is now located. They were allotted only two rooms, a kitchen and a vestibule. There are two more rooms, but their appointment is unknown.

How does the examination begin?

First of all, the visitor meets with the first mention of Fyodor Dostoyevsky, reading the entry in "The Book of the Baptized and Sent in the Hospital Church of Peter and Paul". The baby's name adjoins those who lay and died in the hospital: a soldier, a retired captain, the wife of a clergyman, a domestic man released to freedom.

In what conditions did the family live

The household side was carefully described by Fedor Mikhailovich's younger brother, which allowed to restore a simple and modest home environment in the Dostoevsky Museum in Moscow. The front leads to the dining room, or the "work room", whose walls were painted yellow, and the windows overlook the hospital yard and Bozhedomka. There are chairs, an oval table, armchairs, a sofa, a mahogany wardrobe in it - a discreet empire that allowed to preserve the nobility's dignity. At the dinner table a family gathered together, in which there were seven children. On the walls are images that date back to the early nineteenth century and are associated with memories of a visit to the Kremlin, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra. And in the evenings in this room there were fairy tales of the nurse Alena Frolovna. Fyodor Mikhailovich recalled that already in three years he himself was trying to compose intricate and terrible stories.

Behind the boardwalk

The children's room was separated from the hall by a partition made of wood. In it stood two chests, on which Mikhail and Fedor were sleeping. The room was dark. It is preserved in the Dostoevsky Museum in Moscow.

The beginning of the teaching

On the Lombard table lies the Bible, revealed on the "Book of Job", published in 1815. All the Old Testament stories were read by the beloved mother Maria Feodorovna, who left the merchant community and grew up in Borovsk. She was the first teacher of her children. The first textbook for all children was "One hundred and four sacred stories". With a copy of this book, Fyodor Mikhailovich did not part and kept him all his life, like a shrine. Here there are a few children's toys, in which children played under the supervision of the mother, engaged in needlework. So it looks like one of two rooms in the apartment-museum of Dostoevsky.

Living room

This room is connected to the dining room. In the family she played an important role. It is also very important for the museum-apartment of FM Dostoevsky in Moscow. It stores all the real things that Fyodor Mikhailovich touched. In the living room there is a sofa, in front of which an oval table is located on a small carpet. Around him are chairs, as well as a bookcase, in the corner - a table with a guitar. Having learned to read, children freely chose the books they liked. After dinner in the apartment, everything died down, so as not to disturb the dream of his father, who was resting on the couch, when his working day in the hospital was over. After resting, the father continued his work in the evening: he wrote patient histories, prescribed medicines. At this time, he also did not bother with loud conversations and noise. When his unmarried mother's brother came to their house, he took up a guitar. Maria Fedorovna on the second instrument played along to her brother. They sang Russian songs and romances. They were also very fond of the family when they gathered at the table all evening and read aloud the novels, poetry and prose of A. Pushkin, the "History" of Karamzin.

Now the museum-apartment of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky seeks to convey all the moments of the writer's personality formation, therefore, in addition to everyday objects, emphasis is placed on the spiritual life of the writer. A desk was transported from St. Petersburg to Moscow, for which he wrote the chapters of The Brothers Karamazov, his personal ink device, his glasses and business cards. There are also illustrations for his works, authentic photographs of members of the writer's family. The museum, located on Dostoevsky Street, gladly accepts everyone who is interested in the genius's creativity, and conducts not only excursions, but also theme nights.

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